THE IMPLICATIONS OF SERVER TIPPING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

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Abstract of the Review.

The two articles reviewed are correlated to implications on server tipping that focused on the statistical data and information provided. The empirical impact of either the server posture on tipping is quantified in the two studies. Proposal research is made to give a direction of the probability of development of a new study.

Consequences of server posture on tipping.

In the first article, the researcher prompted to study the fact that a relative number of around 1.3 million waiters and waitresses depend on tips to increase their income above their basic salary. The first study attempted to examine the factors that can increase the revenue generated from the clients’ tips. This study’s hypothesis scope, indicated by the authors, concentrated on the effective and efficient strategies that servers could use to generate more tips. The first study examined a population of 270 customers with an experimental approach used on different stations. The study approach used a Caucasian waiter at a Mexican restaurant in Huston, Texas (Mynier, 1993). Squatting and standing was the experimental design used in the first visit to a client’s table when taking orders. The empirical research’s defined variables use a scientific approach in showing the effect of squatting or standing to measure the impact it brings on tipping. There was manipulation on squatting or standing posture, and a coin was flipped on every attempt to study the 270 research group. Other variables existed where the server welcomed the guest, suggested a meal or drinks for the customer, and serving the client in a good time. The research data was quantified from the experimental state, the size of the bills taken, and the tip results for later analysis at the end of the study. The authors analyzed the effects of the server posture in terms of bill size and tipping accessed on t-tests, and results showed that higher tips were realized when the server squatted towards the client at the table.

Ramifications of Server posture on Sales generated.

The second study method prompted to show the existent of the shortcoming of the first study. The objective of this study tried to study the implications of the squatting down posture. The research hypothesis was meant to access the server’s posture reducible across different servers and restaurants. The research data was conducted within a two-week period using an Asian-American woman at a wholly owned Chinese restaurant in Texas. This observation was done within a study group of 148, and the customers appeared in the study only once. This was a non-experimental design that had more than two variables in this context. The outcome of the coin toss determined the position this server would take to analyze the tips that come after the service. The study’s significant findings indicated the results were created from the server position, and the Asian-American hostess received fewer tips in amounts when the server was standing. Posture manipulation was also evident in this second study. This was also notable when measured across the data on bills adjustments and the residual tip amounts. Furthermore, the quantity tipping was used as a dependent measure to analyze the server posture interactions in preference to the group size attended, the patronage, payment method, and weekday vis-à-vis the weekend.

The second article prompted the study of the effects of the server posture indirect relations from the restaurant’s generated sales. About the article “Restaurant Server Posture Related to Add-on Sales,” the study used various servers in a different type of restaurant. The study’s hypothesis was to increase the servers’ size while focusing on gratuities, such as the bill size, to boost their monthly or daily income (VanVolkinburg, 1998). This article focused on using one study method to get the results that can be quantified to get the actual results of the research. The research hypothesis prompted us to quantify if the restaurant’s server posture could influence add-on sales. This was in line with the bill size, amount of time spent at the table at the first visit to the table. The study target a fifty-four group seated on twenty-one tables in a moderately priced restaurant. The participants of the study were informed on the manipulation behaviors like squatting and standing. The hypothesis of the study was not revealed to the servers. The research was conducted on the 21 tables, where two servers hunched on the 11 tables while two other servers stood waited for orders in the other ten tables. The findings concluded that data results were analyzed using the t-tests. The server position’s effects impacted time spent, the add on items, and the tips are given significant. Although this study indicated no meaningful correlation between the times spent vis-a-vis added sales on items ordered for the servers who squatted. The author integrated the current findings with the other interpretation of the previous conclusions discussing each relevant variable. In this case, spending more time with customers and standing leads to more significant sales. This shows the time spent on each client is lesser, and other variables could have been vital in affecting the sales generated.

Integration.

These two articles tend to have similarities in accessing the ways of boosting the tips given by the client. Another similarity. They both accessed their results in terms of the use of the t-tests applied. There is an existence of differences, like the study in the second article focuses on sales generated amidst trying to boost sales. Further, time was a variable considered in the second article. However, both articles’ results bring forth determinants on what the implications were on the posture with the boost in tips amongst the clients.

Research Proposal

This review spikes another question that could be key in this research proposal. Would the posture and other rapport behavioral patterns influence the tip size?  This should be done at high-end restaurants on different races of attendants with the use of different races. These studies in both articles were so general, and being specific can bring forth more quantitative and qualitative analysis.

References

Mynier, M. L. (1993). Effect of Server Posture on Restaurant Tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 678-685.

VanVolkinburg, G. A. (1998). Restaurant Server Posture Related to Add-On Sales. Journal of Pyschological Inquiry, 11-13.