Summary
Cases of racism have been on the rise in recent days. Claims of these instances of racism vary highly from black people being assaulted by police officers in the United States to the execution of innocent people of color. Society is divided into different classes with certain categories of people. Some areas have been shown to have high cases of racism while in some areas people are integrated. Racism can be practiced on many fronts such as the application of harsh selective justice on people of color and segregation in places of living. Racism can be classified into three categories namely, institutionalized racism, personal mediated racism, and internalized racism. Internalized racism creates structural barriers by the basis of race. People get services such as health care based on their race. For the marginalized race, the services are the poorest as they are considered to have lesser social meaning. Mediated racism exists in the mind of an individual. It gives people prejudices on what they can do depending on their race. People of a certain race are considered to perform exceptionally in a certain field while others fail. A person of color achieving an honor such as becoming president is celebrated for the huge achievement base on race while for other candidates other factors are considered. Under mediated racism, coming from a different race is considered more of a disability. Internalized racism creates a stigma around individuals. This creates a scenario where people from one race do not one to interact with people from another race.
As stated earlier, racism is affected by various factors such as age. Other factors include gender, race, and location. In this report, we aim to establish the difference in views on racism based on some of these factors. To gauge the interaction between racism and these factors data is collected from a sample of the whole population through the use of a close-end questionnaire. The data is sorted using SPSS which will also be used for analysis. The variable on the level of racism is based on certain views describes in the answers to questions such as: Allow Racist to Speak? Allow Racist Book in the library? Among others. The variables on the region of residence, race, age, and gender can be derived directly from the questionnaire.
There is a need to identify the reason for the continued existence of racist ideas in today’s society. This has been shown by the increase in the accusations of police brutality in the USA based race. This has led to mass protests and calls for better measures to curb the vice. This report aims to make recommendations that will help eliminate racism.
Bibliography
Lee, R. T., Perez, A. D., Boykin, C. M., & Mendoza-Denton, R. On the prevalence of racial discrimination in the United States. PloS one, 2019.
In this article, the author gauges the prevalence of racism in today’s world. Findings by the authors indicate that the vice is still prevalent in today’s community. The study finds that various factors influence people’s views on racism. These factors include legal status, social-economic status, and the age of a person. The study also finds that the feeling evoked from racial discrimination is taken as abusing a group instead of an individual. The article acknowledges the varying nature in the determination of instances where discrimination can be observed. The authors state that people may report an instance of racism where there is none and ignore some instances when it is visible.
Bowser, Benjamin. Racism: Origin and Theory. Journal of Black Studies, 2017
The author of this article tries to establish the origin of racism. In this article, the authors acknowledge that the black race should not be considered as the only exclusive minority. The paper argues that if the black people were eliminated from the cycle of racism, the cycle would likely persist with a new group of people replacing the previously oppresses. Racism can, therefore, be classified as a social problem. The article acknowledges that politicians have a role to play in ending racism. In the article’s contemporary note, the author states that Trump may have undone the efforts of Lee Atwater by moving the conservatives back to direct racism.
Bobo, L., & Kluegel, J. R. Opposition to race-targeting: self-interest, stratification ideology, or racial attitudes? American Sociological Review, 1993.
In this article, Bobo & Kluegel seek to determine whether the adoption of policies to uplift the much-maligned black race fail due to racist views of politicians. The authors acknowledge that racism has been on a decline in the past few years however, the vice is still ongoing. Results from their study show that racism still exists as displayed in the failure of racial-based policies focused on improving the lives of the black race. The study acknowledges that racism is not the only factor that leads to the rejection of these policies. Some other factors include stratification, ideologies, and self-interests.
Sears, D. O., Van Laar, C., Carrillo, M., & Kosterman, R. Is it really racism? The origins of white Americans’ opposition to race-targeted policies. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 1997.
In this article, the authors try to establish the possibility of a link between the support of political decisions that are race targeted and the actual race of an individual. The authors of the article acknowledge the influence of racism on policy adoption which has existed throughout the history of the United States. Racism can be displayed through various systems such as allowing the airing of racist messages on media. The authors also find that the political debate around the vice varies from time to time. The problems that are being faced by problems affected by racism are not similar to those which were undergone by slaves when slavery was legal.
Hughes, M., & Tuch, S. A. Gender Differences in Whites’ Racial Attitudes: Are Women’s Attitudes Really More Favorable? Social psychology quarterly, 2003.
This article by Hughes & Tuch tries to ascertain whether there truly exists a difference in ideals on racism between men and women. According to the journal, previous studies have shown women tend to condemn men for having practices that have a probability of harming others or acts that are meant to demean other individuals. The authors refer to this as the motherly nature of women. The authors establish the presence of a relationship between gender and views on racial discrimination. Findings from which the journal is based indicate that white women tend to have a higher probability of having a positive view on racism as compared to their white male counterparts.
References
Sears, D. O., Van Laar, C., Carrillo, M., & Kosterman, R. (1997). Is it really racism?: The origins of white Americans’ opposition to race-targeted policies. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(1), 16-53.
Hughes, M., & Tuch, S. A. (2003). Gender differences in whites’ racial attitudes: Are women’s attitudes really more favorable?. Social psychology quarterly, 384-401.
Bobo, L., & Kluegel, J. R. (1993). Opposition to race-targeting: self-interest, stratification ideology, or racial attitudes?. American Sociological Review, 443-464.
Bowser, Benjamin. (2017). Racism: Origin and Theory. Journal of Black Studies. 48. 002193471770213. 10.1177/0021934717702135.