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Chapter 8
Pat I: Summary
The chapter explores the media system. It starts by looking at the media basics where different formats of communication are addressed. It goes ahead to cover types of media before addressing various functions of media. In short, it encompasses all communications or information transmitted to citizens. Both mass and print media are catered for. Televisions usually take various forms like cable, network, satellite, and network. According to history, programming used to be transmitted from networks to broadcast and local stations through airwaves. Due to advances in technology, streaming and on-demand now can access programming. This has led to changes in scheduling and advertising practices. Large media corporations like conglomerates usually own so many stations. This may result in a monopoly and a decrease in the information flow within the public. Media helps in entertaining the public, watching for corruption, setting of various national agendas and promoting the public good.
Part II
Radio: The transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency, especially those carrying sound messages.
Television: A system for converting visual images (with sound) into electrical signals, transmitting them by radio or other means, and displaying them electronically on a screen.
Part III
Sunshine laws concept
These are laws that mandate both state and federal government meeting documents and proceedings to be made to the public. I chose this concept because it plays a very critical role in enhancing media transparency. The response elicited from me by this concept is that sunshine laws can help in inhibiting policymaking as most of the policies are very sensitive. The concept relates to today’s political situation in that it allows the flourishing of democracy while mitigating corruption.
Chapter 9
Part I: summary
The chapter narrates how political parties play a vital role in the operations of democratic countries. It tells of hoe early political parties in the US were usually formed by national elites who did not agree on the division of power between state and national government. Today we have systems that are divided between Democrats and Republicans. Various minor parties have tried challenging this status quo but failed despite having a national political scene.
Part II
Personal politics -a political style that focuses on building direct relationships with voters rather than on promoting specific issues
Political machine -an organization that secures votes for a party’s candidates or supports the party in other ways, usually in exchange for political favors such as a job in government
Part II
Party-in-the-electorate concept. I found this concept interesting because a portion of the voting public consider themselves as part of the political party and thus prefer the candidate of this preferred party over the other. The reaction elicited from me on this concept is that a part of the party in question depends on where the electorate lives and the extent to which that person participates in public. This concept heavily relates to my political situation in that it/s members are more likely to voice the party like it was done last.
Works Cited
Costanza-Chock, S., and M. Castells. Out of the Shadows, Into the Streets!: Transmedia Organizing and the Immigrant Rights Movement. MIT Press, 2014.
Formisano, R. P. The Birth of Mass Political Parties: Michigan, 1827-1861. Princeton University Press, 2015.
Koenig, L., and B. Chaudhuri. Politics of the ‘Other’ in India and China: Western Concepts in Non-Western Contexts. Routledge, 2016.
Kozolanka, K. Publicity, and the Canadian State: Critical Communications Perspectives. University of Toronto Press, 2014.