Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides Poisoning
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Organophosphate and carbamate pesticide have been well analyzed and proved to lead to severe poisoning among human beings in different settings. These settings encompass occupational exposures among farm works, pesticide applicators, and manufacturing staff. Exposure is mainly via skin absorption, intentional suicidal trials, accidental inhalation, and ingestion, particularly among children. This paper seeks to provide a case study involving a man, providing laboratory and clinical proof of acute poisoning from an insecticide resulting from poor application technique in an urban pest control operation.
A 35-year old man was well before his apartment was sprayed with a commercial pesticide in efforts to eradicate fleas that had significantly infested his home. The residence was sprayed twice a few weeks previously with unidentified pesticides, even without the intended outcome without causing any illness. The man claimed that a qualified pesticide applicator applied an unspecified pesticide using a tank and tube system on November 24, 1984. Afterward, he utilized eight high-pressure containers of a particular pesticide composition. The canisters contained a full tank commercial product comprised of two active pesticide components: an organophosphate pesticide, and a carbamate pesticide. Three hours after these insecticides had been applied, the man arrived at the house and saw “vapor droplets still stewing in the air.” He covered his face with a cloth, decided to open the house’s windows, and left immediately. He returned 3–4 hours later and realized that the clouds of insecticides experienced had cleaned up; nevertheless, the house sustained a lingering smell of insecticides. He fell asleep in the house for that night.
Following the encounter, on the following morning, the man reported encountering symptoms such as chest congestion, nausea, and fatigue, throat burning, headache, and wheezing. At some point, he also reported having experienced lightheadedness and experienced loose stools accompanied by abdominal pains(Alavanja, Ross & Bonner, 2013). After an examination of six weeks following the first exposure, he reported persistence of specific symptoms that included fatigue, throat irritation, and headache, although the intensity had decreased.
It’s also challenging to treat mild to moderate organophosphate or carbamate toxicity. The symptoms are not particular and imitate other typical symptoms, such as infectious diseases with viruses. Consequently, laboratory diagnosis of the prognosis of this intoxication is crucial in all but the most serious symptoms instances or situations of apparent excessive-exposure to the insecticides in question (Alavanja, Ross & Bonner, 2013). The clinical relevance of any given erythrocyte or plasma cholinesterase value is calculated by its percentage decline from pre-exposure basal values or by the extent to which the quantities are far below recommended ranges defined. There is scant data that symptoms remain further than the immediate postoperative period of organophosphate poisoning, although most researchers continue to look into the central nervous system implications instead of multi-organ symptoms that mark acute organophosphate poisoning.
To avoid such implications of exposure to insecticides, it is recommended that people use non-toxic ways of dealing with insects at home (EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR) 2012). Chemicals can be introduced at home utilizing chemical-based effective insect pest management forms of treatment that present more of a risk than the insects they are meant to fight. EPA spokesperson Dale Kemery advises that parents try other pest management approaches before resorting to the use of pesticides at homes or in the field (Damalas & Eleftherohorinos, 2011). There are appropriate, environmentally safe techniques in the household to handle insect troubles, including beneficial nematodes that will kill a wide variety of critical indoor insects without presenting any dangers to the family or pets.
References
Alavanja, M. C., Ross, M. K., & Bonner, M. R. (2013). Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 63(2), 120-142.
Damalas, C. A., & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2011). Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(5), 1402-1419.
EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR). (2012). Guidance on the use of the probabilistic methodology for modeling dietary exposure to pesticide residues. EFSA Journal, 10(10), 2839.