MENTAL-HEALTH INTERVENTIONS

MENTAL-HEALTH INTERVENTIONS

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1. Crisis Adjustment Cultural Issues
2. Culture shock

Culture shocks are a cumulative and overall sense of disorientation and strangeness encountered by individuals visiting cultures in which things are being done differently comparative to their backgrounds (McBrien, Dooley, & Birman, 2017). Cultural shock is a widely used term for the situation that happens due to a change in an individual’s environment in which they were living before.

2. Cultural adaptation

Cultural adaptation is the time and process it takes an individual to incorporate into new cultures and feel at ease within the new culture (McBrien, Dooley, & Birman, 2017). An individual in this situation may experience a wide range of emotions that the models and theories describe in four different phases. The four different stages include honeymoons, culture shocks, recoveries, and adjustment stages.

1. Developmental Aspects Disorders of Children and Adolescents
2. Traumatic Stress

Children who encounter early life traumatic experiences are likely to suffer post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders. Instances of traumatic stress include maltreatment of children, including physical abuse (Goldbeck & Jensen, 2017). Toxic stress results from severe unpleasant experiences which may be protracted over a long period, such as weeks, months, or even years.

2. Self-care

The self-care toolkits allow trauma-affected children to manage stress indicators in their life. People can examine lifestyle practices that help them develop approaches to cope with traumatic events (Goldbeck & Jensen, 2017). Elimination or decrement at least one adverse stress factor is one goal of maintaining self-care. The self-care program assists the children in utilizing positive methods to handle stress factors.

• Eating Disorders Health Promotion

1. Bulimia

Bulimia is possibly a severe eating condition. Individuals with bulimia disorder binge eat. Then, such people take steps to avoid an increase in weight. This most commonly implies purging or vomiting (Levine, 2017). But it may also suggest fasting or excessive exercising. Treatments of bulimia include nutrition education, counseling, and medications. People who have bulimia may experience a lack of restraints, vomiting after overeating, self-harms, impulsivity, compulsive behaviors, and binge eating.

2. Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is an eating condition people to obsess about they eat and their weight. It is characterized by unnecessary fears of being obese and distorted body images (Levine, 2017). Symptoms of anorexia nervosa include attempting to sustain below-normal weights through too much physical exercise and starvation. To restore normal weights, medical treatments may be needed. Talk therapies can assist with behavioral changes and self-esteem.

1. Impulse Control Disorders
2. Intermittent explosive disorder

In the DSM-IV, intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is described as a condition marked by recurrent aggression occurrences involving the destruction of properties out of proportions or violence to precipitating stressors or provocation (Voon et al. 2017). The intermittent explosive condition involves angry verbal outbursts and sudden occurrences of violent, impulsive, and aggressive behaviors where an individual reacts grossly out of proportions to the scenario.

2. Kleptomania

Kleptomania is an impulse control condition that leads to an irresistible urge to steal things that are not needed and are often of little value (Voon et al. 2017). The kleptomania cause remains not known, but the risk factors include kleptomania family history. Implications can consist of trouble with the corps, loss of a job, and financial penalties.

1. Conduct Disorders
2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder

The oppositional defiant disorder is a condition in children characterized by disobedient and defiant behaviors to authority figures. The oppositional-defiant condition cause is not known but likely involves combinations of environmental and genetic factors (Erford et al. 2017). Generally, signs and symptoms include vindictiveness, aggression, defiant and argumentative behaviors, and irritable moods. Treatments involve family and individual therapies.

2. Anti-Social personality

Anti-social personality is a conduct health disorder marked by disregards for other individuals (Erford et al. 2017). Even though people with this condition can start to show exhibit symptoms at childhood, the disorder cannot be diagnosed until adulthood or adolescence. People with the disorder appear to disregard their security or the security of other people, act impulsively, break laws, and lie.

1. Mood Disorders
2. Bipolar 1 &2

Bipolar 1 & 2 is a less severe kind bipolar condition marked by hypomanic and depressive occurrences. Lasting at least fourteen days involves at least a single depressive event (Sanacora et al. 2017). Depressive signs include hopelessness and sadness. Hypomanic symptoms are irritable, and persistently increased moods. Treatments include medications like mood stabilizers and counseling.

2. MDD

Also referred to as a depression, Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental condition marked by at least fourteen days of pervasive low moods (Sanacora et al. 2017). Common symptoms are a pain without clear causes, low energy, loss of interests in normally enjoyable tasks, and low self-esteem. It is a mental health condition causing significant impairments in daily lives and marked by persistently depressed mood.

• Neurocognitive Disorders

1. Dementia

Dementia is a syndrome that is closely associated with the mind of a person deteriorating in terms of thinking, remembering, the ability to freely engage people in a sensible conversation or even a complete change of behavior whereby the victim loses all the ability to perform some of the specific daily mind controlling activities (Subramaniyan & Terrando, 2019).

2. Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer’s, one of the common syndromes among the person living with dementia, takes a dominant share of about 70% of overall infections (Subramaniyan & Terrando, 2019). The disease is characterized by causing the condition or various diseases, causing effects on an individual’s brain. The syndrome can quickly start showing its impact if a person had skull injuries affecting the brain.

• Personality Disorders

1. Paranoid

Paranoid is a feeling of being persecuted or unrealistic distrust of people. A symptom of mental disorder may be extreme levels of paranoid (Hopwood, 2018). The paranoia symptoms include reading hidden meanings into others’ normal behaviors, not being capable of confiding, or trusting others. Not accepting criticisms, forgive, or compromise, being easily offended and being aggressive, defensive, or hostile.

2. Schizoid

Schizoid personality is a rare disorder where people consistently shy away from interactions with other people and avoid social activities. Also, people have a restricted variety of emotional expressions (Hopwood, 2018). Typically, these conditions start in early adulthood. Individuals with a schizoid personality disorder do not enjoy or desire a close relationship even with family members. They have usually seen introverts. They can be emotionally detached and cold. Treatments and therapies like mood stabilizers and antidepressants can assist.

1. Practice Issues Trends Psychiatric Assessment
2. Music therapy

In the therapy context, music is the use of music to influence people physically, socially, spiritually, and psychologically in different situations. In most cases, music is seen as a healing tool for sickness and other mental distress experienced by human beings (Carubia, Becker, & Levine, 2016). The soothing sound effects produced by music play a central role in transforming the human into wholeness in the spirit, and the soul, for the proper functioning of the body.

2. Inter-professional collaborations

Effective clinical leadership in the current clinical settings ensures high-quality health care systems that constantly offer efficient and safe care. Then, health care experts need to establish theories and styles of leadership applicable to their nursing practices (Carubia, Becker, & Levine, 2016). Being proficient in recognizing the leadership styles enables the health care specialists to advance their skills of becoming better managers as well as refining their relations with other front-runners and coworkers who have been challenging to work with before.

1. Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology Referral
2. Psychobiology

Studying the relationship between body and mind can significantly inform our comprehension of consciousness; that is where psychobiology comes in. Psychobiology defines the interactions between behaviors and biological systems (Strain, 2019). A psychobiologist studies how moods and cognitions combine with biological episodes. Striving to comprehend how biological and psychological relationships shape human experiences provides psychobiology with special psychologies perspectives.

2. Psychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology is the investigation of drug-induced changes in behaviors, mood, and thinking. It is the scientific research of the drug effects on behaviors, thinking, sensation, and mood (Strain, 2019). The drugs can originate from an artificial source such as chemical synthesis in the labs or natural sources such as animals and plants.

1. Schizophrenia Serious Mental Illness
2. Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects how people think, feel, and behave (McBrien, Dooley, & Birman, 2017). An individual with such mental illness may appear like they have lost touch with realities that cause great distress for relatives and friends. The schizophrenia symptoms can be disabling and persistent if left untreated.

2. Dementia-Related Agitation

Agitations are significant behavioral problems in senior citizens with dementia and especially stressful for patients, caregivers, and families (McBrien, Dooley, & Birman, 2017). Dementia-Related Agitation is a syndrome that is closely associated with the mind of a person deteriorating in terms of thinking, remembering, the ability to freely engage people in a sensible conversation or even a complete change of behavior whereby the victim loses all the ability to perform some of the specific daily mind controlling activities

• Stress, Anxiety, Somatoform Substance-Related Disorders

1. Somatoform disorder

With unknown causes, the somatoform disorder is marked by physical symptoms and signs. Treatment and medications are available even though these disorders can cause stress and anxiety (Juibari et al. 2018). Somatoform condition is marked by bodily pain and physical sensations caused by mental illnesses. Also, somatic disorder symptoms appear to trigger anxiety as well as stress.

2. The types of somatoform disorders

The types of somatoform conditions include somatoform disorders not otherwise specified, body dysmorphic disorders, pain disorders, conversion disorders, hypochondriasis, undistinguished somatoform disorders, as well as somatization disorders (Juibari et al. 2018). For patients with any somatoform disorder, these disorders challenge family doctors and usually cause considerable emotional distress and anxiety.

• Suicide Theoretical

1. Suicidal Behavior

Having suicidal behaviors is not just about wanting to commit suicide. They are thoughts that completely taunt one until they make the move that he/she think is right (Wolfe-Clark & Bryan, 2017). But in the real sense, the decision is not right at all. People with suicidal behaviors always end up taking their lives.

2. Humanistic therapy

Suicidal people experience higher mental performance after practicing songs and tunes, enhancing their memories and emotions (Wolfe-Clark & Bryan, 2017). Therefore, music therapy is crucial for them as it improves their cognitive abilities over time. This is possible because music helps the people who have already wasted their communication ability to gain back their expertise in a progressive manner.

• Violence

1. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a wide variety of symptoms and signs. Learning about Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) symptoms and how the symptoms affect the patient allow the healthcare practitioners to offer reasonable assistance (Juibari et al. 2018). The mental status’s severe alterations are often secondary and more concerning with coma, delirium, and stupor. The caregiver needs to understand and learn about the current situation of the patients.

2. Mental-health interventions

Relevant psychosocial support and mental health interventions are required in countering panic and fostering social solidarity.  Mental-health interventions mitigate panic and strengthen emergency health responses (Juibari et al. 2018). Physical health and psychosocial well-being are interrelated. Mental health interventions can encourage positive clinical results regarding wellness and physical recovery. Generally, integrative approaches to control and avoid stress may play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of toxic stress. Toxic stress treatment needs timely interventions, and objectives are to minimize the stressors, respond to the stressors, strengthen resiliency, and reduce vulnerabilities. Treatments need to be purposed at each need.

References

Carubia, B., Becker, A., & Levine, B. H. (2016). Child psychiatric emergencies: updates on trends, clinical care, and practice challenges. Current psychiatry reports, 18(4), 41.

Erford, B. T., Bardhoshi, G., Ross, M., Gunther, C., & Duncan, K. (2017). A meta-Analysis of Counseling Outcomes for Youth With Conduct Disorders. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(1), 35-44.

Goldbeck, L., & Jensen, T. K. (2017). The diagnostic spectrum of trauma-related disorders in children and adolescents. Evidence-based treatments for trauma-related disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 3-28). Springer, Cham.

Hopwood, C. J. (2018). Interpersonal dynamics in personality and personality disorders. European Journal of Personality, 32(5), 499-524.

Juibari, T. A., Behrouz, B., Attaie, M., Farnia, V., Golshani, S., Moradi, M., & Alikhani, M. (2018). Characteristics and correlates of psychiatric problems in wives of men with substance-related disorders, Kermanshah, Iran. Oman medical journal, 33(6), 512.

Levine, M. P. (2017). Universal prevention of eating disorders: A concept analysis. Eating behaviors, 25, 4-8.

McBrien, J., Dooley, K., & Birman, D. (2017). Cultural and academic adjustment of refugee youth: Introduction to the special issue. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 60, 104-108.

Sanacora, G., Frye, M. A., McDonald, W., Mathew, S. J., Turner, M. S., Schatzberg, A. F., … & Nemeroff, C. B. (2017). A consensus statement on the use of ketamine in the treatment of mood disorders. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(4), 399-405.

Strain, J. J. (2019). The Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis, Its Importance to Liaison Psychiatry, and its Psychobiology. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(23), 4645.

Subramaniyan, S., & Terrando, N. (2019). Narrative Review Article: Neuroinflammation and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Anesthesia and analgesia, 128(4), 781.

Voon, V., Napier, T. C., Frank, M. J., Sgambato-Faure, V., Grace, A. A., Rodriguez-Oroz, M., … & Fernagut, P. O. (2017). Impulse control disorders and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease: an update. The Lancet Neurology, 16(3), 238-250.

Wolfe-Clark, A. L., & Bryan, C. J. (2017). Integrating two theoretical models to understand and prevent military and veteran suicide. Armed Forces & Society, 43(3), 478-499.