Liberalism
In a world where opinions matter, China’s approach to leadership is perceived as realists. Xi Jinping’s declaration has boosted realist interpretations. In realism, a nation’s state is perceived as a unitary actor, and therefore decision-makers act in pursuit of national interest. Realism often draws on the repetitive patterns of the past. China’s long-term goal is to transform itself into a world superpower.
Liberalism is rooted in the notion of strengthening institutional ties and reducing the chances of a conflict. Therefore, liberals believe that the integration of China into the global economy will reduce threats that the region poses to the global economy. Regarding the rise of China, there are several contexts that the theory can be argued. For instance, proponents such as Kenneth Waltz and Han’s Morgenthau belief in diverse pessimists’ assumptions that human nature is selfish. Furthermore, international systems are believed to be archaic. This means that the authority does not go beyond the state level. As a result, self-interested sovereign states are created to compete for power and security globally wise. The competition for such power, therefore, seeks an opportunity to achieve relative gains. However, such power systems in China has been associated with diverse strengths and weakness. States often fail to cooperate with the realist systems, which poses a significant threat to its efficiency. Furthermore, the chances of facing conflicts are high.
Interpreting China’s rise based on realist perspectives can therefore be viewed from two different contexts. Military expansionism and historical analogy act as the primary aspects that determine China’s rise through realism perspectives. However, realism cannot fully account for the two elements defining the country’s rise. On the one hand, China’s outstanding economic growth has been linked with the military buildup, and technological advancements that have promoted the change noted with international systems. Realist interpretation of China has shown that military advances and leadership have facilitated dynamic improvements associated with China’s economy’s gradual growth.
The strengths of realism can be further noted through a military perspective, which includes expenditures that have not reached the level where a person can conclude that its economy is militarized. The military has further taken diverse roles in international communities, and this is one of the crucial components that strengthen sit rise to power. For instance, deployment to peacekeeping missions has increased, and this suggests that they are not focused on self-interest goals as reality theories would assert so.
Therefore Xi Jinping has emphasized the military and power. The realist perceptions have defended China’s core national interests, sovereignty security, and development. On the other hand, Xinping’s visions and plans to safeguard the realist opinions could negatively affect. Firstly, if it opts to go into war to protect its legitimacy, then the situation could worsen.. Xi’s leadership
Offensive realists also have diverse views regarding China’s rise to power. The military and economic capabilities are seen as factors that represent Realist theories that could also affect China’s capacity to rise to power and affect US military power’s maintenance. A state-based order tends to affect the way a country attracts support from other countries.
Liberals and constructivists believed that a peaceful rise to power would promote leadership efficiency across international institutions. Unlike realist beliefs that it was impossible to gain significant power peacefully, liberals aimed to explore China’s identity by increasing interactions and boosting its relations with the international community.
Therefore, Chinese Liberals have promoted traditional and peaceful measures aimed at facilitating the country’s economic rise. They believe that national security is a critical component that can be achieved with conflict free measures that promote outstanding outcomes. Contrary to the realist, the liberals have further pointed out that traditional security threats continue to exist. However, such threats were considered to be much reduced compared to previous years, where the threats significantly affected the development of the national interests. Furthermore, the Cold War and collapse of US-Soviet bipolarity had reduced the security threats that would threaten China’s self-interest and global growth. Furthermore, transnational insecurity had increased, and they seemed to be transnational in nature. For instance, cases of terrorism smuggling and environmental threats posed a major insecurity threat to any country. As a result, China could not solve them single-handedly. Therefore, one of the strengths linked to realism is that the threatening national and global issues can be resolved collaboratively. Furthermore, addressing China’s security threats would mean that the military would also focus on the efforts applied from other countries.
Liberals made better strategies aimed a realizing the country’s most important interests. China’s reality is, therefore, influenced by institutionalism introduced in the year 2000. The approach has been influential in China’s economic developments. It has also promoted good relations across international institutions. Therefore, it aims offer China an opportunity to join international institutions to realize its national and international goals.
On the other hand, International institutions could offer the country the best opportunities to take advantage of globalization. Such institutions exert a positive influence on the response of China’s security threats. Therefore, it will have better models of addressing its security issues since liberalism offers communication and learning opportunities. Participating in multilateral activities would gain a new approach to addressing domestic and political issues affecting its country.
In terms of policy relevance, China has become influential in integrating realism ideas. The achievements have been featured through multilateral international conventions. The ideas have also enabled China to view itself as a nation-state aspect rather than a proletarian state. Therefore China’s identity can be perceived as a rational actor that works independently with the existing international institutions.
On the other hand, liberalism has a significant weakness as far as China’s economic growth and power is concerned. Joining and gaining international institutions requires that the country accepts its rules and regulations. Although the system has become influential in many areas defining China’s growth, it could affect its governance and restrict its global security. For instance, economic growth could be immensely restricted by policies governing international institutions. Membership in international society can also challenge China’s military power. Security issues tend to affect the wellness and security of many nations. Thus, international institutions have well-structured models requiring its members to adhere to specific security threats. Apart from the weakness linked to international institutions, the rising rivalry between the US and China could significantly affect its economic security. Therefore, adhering to the realist ideas could fail to provide the required platform to address the country’s critical issues.
Liberals and realists continue to argue based on China’s rise Constructivist have promoted liberalist ideas. However, it went beyond the rationality context and inquired on China’s membership in international society. China is rising rapidly, and therefore, the idea of its peaceful rise has been underrated and threatened by international conflicts and competitions for other countries such as Japan and the Us. Inevitable disputes between China and the US continue to destabilize its relationship with other countries, especially those linked to the international community.
China has diverse ideologies. Its cultural and political practices are similarly different. Therefore, it is more likely to challenge the U.s leadership, thus affecting international systems. The previous efforts to acquire global power have disrupted international order. Moreover, engaging themselves in violent expansion could initiate systemic wars for world hegemony. Therefore, liberalism could play an essential role in addressing crisis liked to the realist’s perspectives.