Name of the Article: Is physical water scarcity a new phenomenon? Global assessment of water shortage over the last two millennia
In this article, there is an analysis of the physical water scarcity’s temporal development, which is population-driven. The process was carried out using the population data obtained from a dataset and availability of the water resource, which is believed to have been based on the water GAP MODEL results. However, the author used a stress indicator of water to identify any water shortage in various sub-basins. One of the author’s critical items was that few areas showed a moderate shortage of water. The shortage of water is thought to have begun at around 1900. The results suggested that population changes, especially on the water shortage, are believed to be more critical four times compared to various water availability changes, which were due to long-term climate change. The author concluded that global trends in adaptation measures towards coping with a reduction in water per capita resources follow closely the recent increase in the shortage of water globally.
Discipline II: Constitutional Interpretation Issue
Name of the article: Constitutional Interpretation in Federations and its Impact on the Federal Balance
The main issue addressed in the article involves comparative studies or individual federations of various specific fields or judicial techniques. Although it did not fully counter the general trend of centralizing, the author used the originalist approach adoption, which had been noticed within the jurisprudence of every given federation’s constitution. The author’s critical concept was the considerable impact contributed by the interpretive philosophy, which is considered to underlie the judicial approach on the power balance within the federation. The author concluded that judicial interpretations usually channel technological, economic, and any other developments of the constitution’s influence in a given federation. The analysis further suggested that most constitutional courts usually adopt an interpretation approach that is so different in federalism issues more than they do in various constitutional law areas, such as the fundamental rights.