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Running head: Criminal Justice 1
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND CRIME
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Abstract
Age and crime is the most exciting thing on earth any researcher will be interested in investigating and finding out if in any case there exist a similarity between the two. Since the year 1920’s,several debates have emerged on crime vs age in which some argue that criminal activity is practiced best by teenagers due to several factors like poverty, peer pressure or even drug abuse to some extent while others claim the contrary way that the most rampant age in crime is old with a million other reasons like losing hope in life or even having a feeling of I don’t care attitude as to even if they die they have nothing to lose.This researcher paper aims at investigating the relationship between age and crime with the aim of findings solutions to the problem. The study-specific objectives will involve examining the relationship between age and corruption in the field of criminology and again determining possible theories about the reduction of crime over the lifetime of an individual. The study will borrow literature from existing data on ABM which is rated among the leading ways of generating data in any location at a specific time without biases. The proposed results of the study must also reflect and give suggestions on measures that are out to be taken to implement the findings of the study. This must give in return a potential way in which if applied then crime relationship to age will be either a myth or a reality that we have to cope up with.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract 2
Introduction 3
Background 4
Problem 6
Discussion 7
References 7
Introduction
In the field of criminology, crime has been associated with several other things like poverty, ethnicity, race, drug abuse and several other factors without forgetting to mention age as well. The only difference has been that some other researchers have investigated the relationship between age and crime, but no clear results have brought out ways in which the situation can be dealt with. According to Messner and Rosenfeld (2016), the rate of crime only increases between young ages with the peak of it being age seventeen which still is linked to property crime but not necessarily a violent crime. In their further results findings, they revealed that this kind of crime decreases overtime and there comes a time they totally avoid stealing and don’t steal anymore. In addition to that the recent studies conducted that included the sociological and psychological part of it thus according to Shulman et al (2017) found out that crime is a psychological problem that those tending to engage in crime are either emotionally depressed or basically cannot afford to meet some life basics but admires good things that they might not be in a position to afford hence they turn to crime as the only option. Several other theories have been proposed with different people that might help towards curbing the rate of crime increase which the study still investigates further into details.
Background
For over the years there has been increasing debate about the relationship between age and crime. According to Farrington et al. (2016), trajectories of age and crime is real to the adolescents approaching adult age with a red line at age seventeen which in return decreases in age. This relationship can be said to be supported by other Australian researchers namely Bersani et al (2014), who demonstrated the contact with young people between the age 15-19 years that were more likely to be arrested by the police over cases of crime that made them conclude that it is beyond any reasonable doubt that young people, especially between the above-mentioned ages, are more likely to engage in misconduct than adults. Even though patterns differ in almost all age groups according to the level of criminal activity against the ages with different offences that are committed by Malleson, 2010. However, in young people, the offences that were found with them were linked to being influenced by drug abuse.
Some theories govern criminology that has been used over the years to explain the relationship between age and crime globally. According to Sampton and Laub (2016), proposes a general life theory that its primary objective was to fix the same problem under investigating. On their findings, they found out that when an individual has been in crime for a longer duration of time, they tend to age faster as compared to living free crime life which their primary point of concern was turning point. This was used to mean that sometimes individuals might get fed up with the crime because they have a family to take care of and the rate of response is critical and being that they value their families and so much they may not accept the idea risking their lives into stealing.
Moffitt, (20125), the theory of stain is the backbone to existing data on ABM’s which is listed among the leading ways of generating data in any location at a specific time without biases. The theory explains in details that for a convergence of any or even few results then there is an existence of concepts. Another way of making sure that the approach succeeds in its findings is that it exposes the rot between the relationship existing on age and crime by ensuring that the relationship between crime and social status on denial of legitimacy in obtaining social status. As indicated by Messner and Rosenfeld (2016), the rate of wrongdoing increments between young ages with its pinnacle being age seventeen which still is connected to property wrongdoing yet not brutal wrongdoing. In their further outcomes discoveries, they uncovered that this sort of wrongdoing diminishes the additional time and there comes a period they abstain from taking and don’t make any longer. According to Shulman et al. (2017), crime is a creation of the mind, and once it is there, people tend to think that they are superior beings than the than others and therefore they can stand to face anyone in the name of attack to rob from them for their self-gains. A few different speculations have been proposed with various individuals that may help towards controlling the rate of wrongdoing increment which the examination still researches encourage into points of interest.
Problem
According to Sutherland 2009, individuals might fail to age out of crime, and also surrounding of peer groups may be one of the most significant challenges as to why crime is most prevalent among the teenagers at around 17 years of age. According to Messner and Rosenfeld (2016), the rate of crime only increases between adolescent ages with the peak of it being age seventeen which still is linked to property crime but not necessarily a violent crime. This can be used to explain further why these teenagers might involve themselves in property crime but not violent crime reason being that when it comes to accessing the property, then that poses no challenge because the household is portable and easier to steal than getting into robbery and violence which according to he may be re physical demand. Therefore when the ABC model was used in past research work, the findings revealed the ABC model was the only theory used in finding the relationship between age and crime from a criminology perspective. They again found out that the model was capable of being used as a tool in decision making.
Every problem encountered has a solution, and so the research paper aims at using the general study findings to propose strategies or policies in which if observed then the relationship between age and crime will be a tool of the past. View about the police was conducted by Graber,2017 where he found out that when it comes to giving opinions over aspects, then young people are more vulgar oriented and hold more negative views about the police. This further explains that young people have a lot of negative opinions when given a chance to air out their views with the police.
Some hypotheses oversee criminology that has been utilised throughout the years to clarify the connection amongst age and wrongdoing all inclusive. As indicated by Sampton and Laub (2016), proposes a general life hypothesis that its fundamental target was to settle a similar issue under researching. On their discoveries, they discovered that when an individual has been in wrongdoing for a more extended term of time, they tend to age speedier when contrasted with living free wrongdoing life which their primary purpose of concern was defining the moment. This was utilized to imply that occasionally people may get tired of wrongdoing since they have a family to deal with and the rate of duty is vital and being that they esteem their families thus much they may not acknowledge the thought taking a chance with their lives into taking.
Discussion-
References
Bersani, R., Guerin, F., Andriamasinoro, F. H., and Paillet, J. M. 2014. “Agent-based Simulation of Complex Systems: Application to Collective Management of Animal Wastes.” Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 5(3), pp. 1-17.
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Epstein, J. M., and Axtell, R. 1996. Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up.
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Farrington, D. P. 2016. “Age and Crime”. Crime and Justice 7, pp. 189-250.
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Groff, E. H. 2007. “‘Situating’ Simulation to Model Human Spatio-Temporal Interactions: An Example Using Crime Events.” Transactions in GIS 11(4), pp. 507-530.
Malleson, N., Heppenstall, A., and See, L. 2010. “Crime Reduction Through Simulation: An Agent-Based Model of Burglary”. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 34, pp. 236-250.
Marler, R. T., and Arora, J. S. 2004. “Survey of Multi-objective Optimization Methods for Engineering.” Structural and multidisciplinary optimisation 26, pp. 369-395.
Messner, S. F., and Rosenfeld, R. 2007. Crime and the American Dream. Belmont, CA: Thomas Higher Education.
Moffitt, T. E. 2015. “‘Life-Course Persistent’ and ‘Adolescence-Limited’ Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy. Psychological Review 100, pp. 674-701.
Sutherland, E. H. 2009. Principles of Criminology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Press.
Graber, D. A., & Dunaway, J. (2017). Mass media and American politics. Cq Press.