INTRODUCTION AND METHODS SECTIONS 4
Running head: INTRODUCTION AND METHODS SECTIONS 1
Introduction and Methods Sections
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction and Methods Section
Introduction
The severe drinking problem is given the name Alcohol Use Disorder(AUD). AUD is a chronic relapsing brain disease which is characterized by compulsive usage of alcohol, negative emotional state when not using the substance and loss of control over intake of alcohol. An estimation of sixteen million people in the US has been diagnosed with AUD (Barton, 2019). Approximately 6.2 of the total number are 18 and above while the rest have been indicated to be adolescents. The rapid growth of AUD makes it a significant topic that needs to be addressed effectively. For a person to be diagnosed with AUD, one must meet some specific criteria which are outlined in the(DSM), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).
According to the criteria outlined in the DSM, one is considered to be suffering from AUD if the person has two of the symptoms outlined in twelve months. (Nieddu, Boatto, Pirisi & Dessì, 2010). Having two prolonged symptoms of AUD means that persons drinking is already a point of concern that requires urgent attention. An estimation of 88,000 Americans loses their lives every year due to no AUD hence making it the fourth leading cause of death in the region (Kjaer, 2016). AUD has both physical, spiritual, emotional and social facets. A sound treatment plan uses different treatment strategies depending on the individual. AUD is also associated with other health disorders such as brain damage and alcoholic liver disease. The purpose of the literature review is to examine effective techniques which can help reduce the number of relapses in patients diagnosed with moderate and severe AUD.
Methods Section
Search Engines, Key Terms, and Initial Article Yield
While researching the topic AUD, a comprehensive search through various databases was administered using AUD treatment as the key term. The databases which were used during the search included SCOPUS, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL(“Parity, Healthcare Reform and Addiction Care,” 2010). Using the critical term during research was a significant step as it assisted in finding at least one hundred and forty-two articles that are related to the topic of discussion. Under Scopus, at least 41 articles were yielded, 18 from CINAHL, 30 from PubMed and the remaining from Embase. The next step was a thorough review of these articles which were then narrowed down guided by the criteria explained below.
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
The initial criteria used had its focus on peer-reviewed articles, specific research papers, RCTs observational studies. The criteria ensured to use articles that were written or translated in English for easy understanding for everyone. Also, articles that were at least current within the last five years. Using Current articles was essential considering the research has to provide evidence on what is happening in regards to the topic in current times (Roerecke & Rehm, 2013). The exclusion and inclusion criteria yielded at least 30 articles out of the many that were found. This was a reasonable number to read through and get the evidence of the research being conducted.
Final Article Yield and Rationale for Use
After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 3o articles were yielded. This involved a thorough scanning of meta-analysis as well as the literature reviews. Systematic and literature reviews produced a total of ten articles (Wishart, 2012). Thus, the total adjusted articles yielded rounded off to at least 20 articles. The articles that remained were set aside to undergo further scanning to help acquire more relevant publications for the study topic.
Synthesis of Evidence
The evidence that was obtained from the research involved a review of both meta-analysis and systematic reviews of all randomized controlled evidence (RCTs (Zweben & Ashbrook, 2012). Engaging students in such meaningful extensive research practices assist in creating a more evidence-based conclusion as well as widening their knowledge on research techniques. When it comes to healthcare the use of evidence-based practice is essential (Singer, 2012). Therefore, training of students to practice this skill early enough is a good strategy towards preparing them for better analysis in the future days to come off their career line. The level obtained from the research was of high quality. Moreover, the research used diverse, high-quality studies in demonstrating a consistent result.
Bringing students into the archives creates a new avenue for both undergraduate research and also helps in preparing them for doctoral practices (Howland, 2012). The study used some primary sources. This helped the students to equip their skills of both reading and observations at the same time (Samokhvalov et al., 2018). Engaging students in different subjects and archival collections allow students to produce more exciting and meaningful research papers; it also prepares them for doctoral practices in developing them to write doctoral studies and dissertations. While reviewing the many articles, narrowing them down to 30 and finally to twenty articles the students got the opportunity to research on diverse topics being motivated by the puzzle over the meanings of the literature (Davies, 2017). It also enabled them to pose questions as well as finding answers by engaging in deep reading and carefully in secondary literature used during the study. Therefore, students avoid making assumptions that are based on what they know or superficial rehearsals.
Knowledge Gaps
Research sources indicate that students from doctoral courses need guidance, nonspecific methods to train them to become strong mentors, especially in DNP programs. Therefore, more research is required to find out what kinds of faculty is to address this problem. Healthcare providers also need to be educated more; for instance, in the study, it stated that people with the alcohol condition lack quality primary care (“Editorial Board,” 2015). Therefore, healthcare givers need to be trained and encouraged to provide quality healthcare to these patients. Also, all medical schools need to incorporate more activities that will engage the students in more meaningful research on diverse topics that are in line with their areas of specialization.
Conclusion
AUD is a disorder that affects a significant part of the total population today. Families that have individuals who suffer from this condition suffer greatly especially in terms of poverty if the victim is the breadwinner in the unit. Therefore, the justification of this research is essential as this topic is worth investigating. Possible measures to help reduce the spread of this disease is necessary. Primary healthcare units should consider coming up with rules that will help reduce the range of this condition. This way everyone will be left safe, and many families will be saved.
References
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Editorial Board. (2015). Endocrinology, 156(5), 2C-2C. doi: 10.1210/endo.2015.156.issue-5.edboard
Howland, R. (2012). Baclofen for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence. Journal Of Psychosocial Nursing And Mental Health Services, 50(10), 11-14. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20120906-92
Kjaer, A. (2016). Diagnostics Now in PubMed and PubMed Central. Diagnostics, 6(1), 12. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics6010012
Nieddu, M., Boatto, G., Pirisi, M., & Dessì, G. (2010). Determination of four this phenethylamine designer drugs (2C-T-4, 2C-T-8, 2C-T-13, 2C-T-17) in human urine by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications In Mass Spectrometry, 24(16), 2357-2362. doi: 10.1002/rcm.4656
Parity, Healthcare Reform and Addiction Care. (2010). Journal Of Addictions Nursing, 21(4), 242-244. doi: 10.3109/10884602.2010.525865
Roerecke, M., & Rehm, J. (2013). Alcohol use disorders and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 108(9), 1562-1578. doi: 10.1111/add.12231
Samokhvalov, A., Probst, C., Awan, S., George, T., Le Foll, B., Voore, P., & Rehm, J. (2018). Outcomes of an integrated care pathway for concurrent major depressive and alcohol use disorders: a multisite prospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1770-3
Singer, M. (2012). Anthropology and addiction: an historical review. Addiction, 107(10), 1747-1755. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03879.x
Wishart, J. (2012). CINAHL201277CINAHL. Ipswich, MA: EBSCO Publishing Last visited October 2011. Contact publisher for pricing information URL: www.ebscohost.com/academic/the‐cinahl‐database. Reference Reviews, 26(2), 37-38. doi: 10.1108/09504121211205223
Zweben, J., & Ashbrook, S. (2012). Mutual-Help Groups for People With Co-Occurring Disorders. Journal Of Groups In Addiction & Recovery, 7(2-4), 202-222. doi: 10.1080/1556035x.2012.705700