Report Topic: Human Overpopulation
Introduction
Agriculture is the oldest way the place humans have interaction with herbal structures for crop and farm animals’ production with the aid of alteration of herbal assets (land, water, nutrients, biomass, and energy) for their well-being (Dale et al., 2013). It is the world’s biggest enterprise occupying about 38% (including cropland and pasture land) of the Earth’s terrestrial floor (Robertson & Swinton, 2005; Ramankutty et al., 2008; FAOSTAT, 2011; Foley et al., 2011). Also, it utilizes about 70% of global water withdrawals from freshwater our bodies (FAO, 2011). It involves various interrelated things to do like land management, agreement patterns, crop selection, and livestock manufacturing during its span (Dale et al., 2013). It helps fundamental human needs and is ruled via human activities (Robertson & Swinton, 2005). For example, the interrelationship of people and agriculture can be visualized by using the current boom of the human populace (during the Industrial Revolution, 1750) followed by using extended agricultural production (during Green Revolution, 1950) (Eikelboom, 2013). The existing human population of greater than seven billion is impending strain on the potential of agriculture to fulfill the meals necessities besides compromising the herbal resources for their capacity to nourish future generations (Robertson & Swinton, 2005). Moreover, the relative amplify in the urban populace (about 55% of the complete population) is of the extra situation in this regard (Eikelboom, 2013; Milder et al., 2014). A 2/3rd amplify in the urban population is anticipated by way of the yr 2025 (Hamlett, 2011; Eikelboom, 2013). It would purpose stress on agriculture due to mass transition from producer to consumer category, thus loss of agricultural staff and production. It may have severe consequences as the present overpopulated world is already facing twin challenges of food protection and environmental degradation.
2.0 Causes of human overpopulation and countries facing overpopulation issues
2.1 Poverty
The population branch of the United Nations reports what is technically known as a “population explosion” occurring in many parts of the world. Poverty is believed to be the leading cause of overpopulation. A lack of instructional resources, coupled with high loss of life fees main to greater beginning rates, result in impoverished areas seeing massive booms in population. The effect is so significant that the UN has anticipated that the forty-eight poorest international locations in the world are additionally in all likelihood to be the largest contributors to population growth. Their estimates nation that the blended population of these countries is probably to balloon to 1.7 billion in 2050, from 850 million in 2010. As distressing as it may also be to hear, child labor is nonetheless used drastically in many parts of the world. UNICEF estimates that about a hundred and fifty million kids are currently working, specifically in countries that have few infant labor laws. This can result in kids being viewed as a source of profits employing households beneath poverty Furthermore, young people who commence work too younger also lose the academic opportunities they have to be granted, especially when it comes to delivery control.
2.2 Improved medical facilities and advancement in technology
Longevity leads to overpopulation. With the involvement of Google and other multi-billion dollar industries making quick advancements in medicine that day is not far when technology will allow us to live forever- rapid advances will be made in the fields of life expectancy, alongside pursuing a goal of radical life extension. Over the previous decade consumers have been exposed to a surge of digital fitness applied sciences and different technological innovations which includes fitness informatics tools, health records science in fitness care, as nicely as the use of medical devices inside medical care. advances in science have helped open the door to health-related improvements that are accomplishing the most prone in society. Population fitness strategies grant possibilities to enhance the health of populations that are described with the aid of geography, stipulations, or health needs. Such strategies are people-centered, have interaction sectors past health care, and incorporate the localized realities of the determinants of health such as social and economic situations at the neighborhood level. The evolution of medicinal drugs has through giant had a severe effect on the increment of lifespan as properly as easing ache and making life a healthier place for most human beings. The increasing range of average age with a decreasing mortality. On the positive side, high concentrations of people in urban areas also bring with its research and development in the quest for solutions to the population’s needs. An example is the popularisation of communication technologies and the generation, collection, and use of Big Data for sustainable ends, as well as the emergence of Smart Cities, adapted to ensure good living conditions for the increasing population.
2.3 Countries explode due to overpopulation
As in a good deal of the relaxation of the world, India’s increase rate has been slowing for the past few decades, a decline attributed to increasing alleviation of poverty; rising education levels, especially amongst women; and growing urbanization. Most Indian states are predicted to hit alternative fertility degrees of 2.1 teenagers per woman using 2021. The fertility price has already declined to a common of 2.2 in 2017, under an authorities survey of 22 main states, while urban fertility has already fallen below the substitute level, to 1.7 teenagers per woman. (The alternative fertility degree refers to the wide variety of children born per woman so that one generation exactly replaces the previous one.).
According to cutting-edge estimates, India’s populace will top in the early 2060s at 1.7 billion, placing additional pressure on the surroundings and natural resources and boosting greenhouse gas emissions —through the common Indian generates a fraction of the planet-warming emissions produced by using the common American or European. Most of India’s population make bigger by way of mid-century will be due to demographic momentum, meaning that even as fertility charges fall below replacement levels, the large numbers of younger human beings will continue to raise the country’s population, says P. Arokiasamy, head of the Department of Development Studies at the Indian Institute of Population Sciences in Mumbai.
This situation parallels international trends. Except for a few regions, especially sub-Saharan Africa, fertility stages have been falling worldwide in the previous two decades, resulting in slowing populace growth. The United Nations has even reduced estimates of future population growth, projecting this year that, under a medium increase scenario, the world populace will hit 10.9 billion in 2100, down from an estimated 11.2 billion a few years ago. Other demographers are even greater optimistic, with some mid-range estimates putting the global population at 9.5 billion and falling in 2100 due to extended training and higher get admission to family planning services.
3.0 Negative effects of overpopulation
3.1 exhaustion of natural resources
The main effect of overpopulation is the unequal and unrestrained use of resources. The planet has a limited capacity to generate raw materials and each year the natural resources deficit – the consumption of resources at a faster rate than the planet can generate them – is reached earlier. Consequently, in developing countries, overpopulation causes fierce rivalries to control resources. Territorial conflicts over water supply are due in many cases to geopolitical tensions.
3.2 Rising unemployment and living cost
On the different hand, an excessive number of employees exist for a restrained number of vacancies and this seems destined to lead to excessive quotes of joblessness in the future. This in turn could provoke rising crime and social revolt. which leads to increasing residing costs in most countries. Fewer resources, less water, the packing of many people into limited spaces, and a lack of money are upsetting an amplify in the fee of residing whereby solely a percentage of the population will be in a position to cowl all their needs.
3.3 Environmental degradation
unbridled use of natural resources, as properly as growth in electricity manufacturing from coal, oil, and herbal gas (fossil fuels), is harming the planet. Consequences number, on the one hand, deforestation and desertification, extinction of animal and plant species and modifications in the water cycle and the most direct result of all in the structure of emissions of massive portions of greenhouse gases leading to international warming.
4.0 Strategies to address overpopulation
4.1 Government incentives
There should be a senior government respectable responsible for addressing population-related issues. They urge governments to promote “responsible parenthood” and say subsidies ought to be restricted to the first two kids unless the family is residing in poverty.
4.2 Empowerment
Studies show that females with access to reproductive health offerings locate it simpler to ruin out of poverty, whilst those who work are greater probable to use beginning control. The United Nations Population Fund ambitions to tackle both troubles at once, jogging microcredit projects to flip younger females into advocates for reproductive health. Simply instructing guys and ladies about contraception can have a large impact. When Iran delivered a countrywide household planning application in 1989, its fertility fee fell from 5.6 births per girl to 2.6 in a decade. A similar effort in Rwanda noticed a threefold expansion in contraception usage in simply 5 years. in interesting ways, it gets innovative to attain women. Its radio soap operas, which feature culturally specific testimonies about reproductive issues, have been heard through as many as five hundred million people in 50 countries. In Ethiopia, sixty-three percent of females searching for reproductive health offerings pronounced tuning in.
5.0 Conclusion
The world population is rapidly growing and anticipated to attain between 8.5 to 12 billion with the aid of 2100. More than 75% of the population is anticipated to inhabit in the African and Asian countries having most of the growing nations. Overpopulation leads to a nation of food insecurity that brought about the evolution of resource-exhaustive agriculture inflicting irreparable environmental damages. Now the mission is to feed extra with less environmental damages. Adoption of technologically-sound, typical knowledge inclusive, socio-economically smart advocated agricultural practices can be the basis for reaching future dietary demands. However, before a wider recommendation, their environmental influence assessment at various sustainability problems is necessitated for a holistic grasp of future agriculture. The challenges of overpopulation and food security can solely be managed with the aid of identifying the core areas of lookup and improvement below unique agricultural sectors. The present chapter will supply a short dimension on some of these key issues.