different theories on intelligence
There are different theories on intelligence that some. Alfred Binet first created an intelligence test in 1905 and proposed identifying differences on a cognitive scale where he considered intelligence as a measurable variable when considering the psychological process. Construct tests included measures on memory, understanding attention, and imagination where age and the cultural context were considered. Binet-Simon intelligence test was another early test that is popular and focuses on children that need extra attention as intelligence is malleable. In 1990, Sternberg classified the theories into implicit and explicit, where implicit theories are made by people who have not investigated the subject. Explicit theories are investigations that test that measure intellectual functioning. Jean Piaget proposed the constructivist theory of intelligence development, focusing on human capability, perceptions, and abstractions at different ages.
Wechsler scales measure intelligence and cognitive abilities in preschool children, older children, teenagers, and adults. The latest intelligence scale for children and adults is WAIS-IV, and the test focuses on verbal, visual–perceptual, fluid reasoning, auditory, short-term memory, and processing speed abilities. The test also focuses on quantitative reasoning, different aspects of intellectual abilities, and personality. There are different components of the Wechsler tests to measure children and adult intelligence. The intelligence test remains one of the most popular and has been revised numerous times.
Intelligence has been defined from different perspectives, as it is an abstract concept and intelligence testing is important to evaluate intelligence even as there other components that are ignored, such as emotions, motivation, and interpersonal skills. There are individual and group tests of intelligence and different types of tests evaluate different components of intelligence. In contrast, these tests provide insights on the level of intelligence and ability, but environmental differences, context, and biological aspects affect the outcomes. Intelligence tests are independent of personality and fail to assess innate abilities.
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