Comparison of Fluid Deficit and Fluid Overload
| Fluid Deficit | Fluid Overload | |
| Definition | It is also identified as dehydration and it is a state where there is a decreased amount of the intravascular, interstitial, or intracellular fluid and this condition is categorized by an insufficient quantity of the total body water.
| It is also known as hypervolemia and it is a medical condition categorized by an excess of fluid in the body. However, this condition characteristically includes an increase in both intravascular and interstitial fluid in the blood. |
| Causes/Risk Factors | Causes are vomiting, excessive sweating, Diarrhea, Burns, diuretic use, and kidney failure (Wittczak, 2023). The risk factors of vomiting at higher risks, conditions triggering chronic or severe diarrhea can incline individuals to volume reduction.
| The causes are heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and nephrotic syndrome, and their risk factors are decreased cardiac output, liver diseases, and renal deficiency. |
| Clinical Manifestations (including laboratory data) | Weight loss (2 lbs), low BP, elevated temperature, rapid, weak, thread pulse, rapid, shallow respirations, scant dark urine, warm flushed, dry skin, poor turgor, and also clear lungs are the symptoms of the deficit. The laboratory findings are an increase in HCT, the bun, serum sodium, urine specific gravity, pitting, dependant edema, and distended jugular neck veins.
| Symptoms of the fluid overload include weight gain (2lbs/24hrs), high BP, normal temperature, moist labored respirations, the diluted urine with a light yellow color. The laboratory findings are Urine-specific gravity, serum sodium, decrease in HCT and BUN. |
| Collaborative Management (Interventions) | Inspiring the patient to consume the recommended quantity of fluids to restore and also maintain hydration (Ravi,.2021). Moreover emphasizes the need for good oral hygiene, particularly when dehydration is related to conditions such as diarrhea and vomiting, keeping IV flow consumption, monitoring the weight regularly, and also the input and output closely.
| By observing and noting BP and HR, note the presence of the edema, evaluate for the crackles in the lungs, and changes in the respiratory pattern, measure for the bounding peripheral pulses and S3, monitor abdominal girth, and keep the IV flow rate and also food limits. |
References
Ravi, C., & Johnson, D. W. (2021, September). Optimizing fluid resuscitation and preventing fluid overload in patients with septic shock. In Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Vol. 42, No. 05, pp. 698-705). 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Wittczak, A., Ślot, M., & Bielecka-Dabrowa, A. (2023). The Importance of Optimal Hydration in Patients with Heart Failure—Not Always Too Much Fluid. Biomedicines, 11(10), 2684.