GOTTFREDSON AND HIRSCHI: SELF-CONTROL THEORY Travis Hirsch’s social or control bonding theory hypothesized that those people who have strong attachments to the conventional society are the ones that are less likely to deviate as compared to those who have shallow or weak bonds. Later Hirsch and Gottfredson moved away from this notion to the notion of self-control in which they argued that low self-control is related to higher levels of deviance and criminality regardless of the weaknesses or strength of a person’s social bonds (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 2017). Ideally, the self-control theory by Hirsch and Gottfredson assumes that crime may be explained concerning a very limited or single set of explanatory factors. Additionally, the theory assumes a very strict and static approach to causality. The theory assumes that prior offending has no effect on the current crime as well as assuming that changes in life events and changes in offending are false. Hirschi and Gottfredson’s theory of self-control helps explain the case of William and the time bomb attack. According to the theory of self-control, all offenders commit…

        DISCUSSION   Name:   Institutional Affiliation:                 The United States appears to be an outlier among developed countries in maintaining a system of commercialized bail. Based on your research and review of the course content this week, what are your preliminary thoughts about our current system of bail in the United States? As part of your discussion, research (online or in-person) one bail bond company and share your insights regarding your perception of the quality of its services.  The current system of bail in the U.S is losing its way because of its inequalities toward the poor people, therefore, resulting in various bodies stepping in to fight for the poor (Grubb & Hemby, 2018).  Compared to rich people who quickly pay for their bails and then leave the prisons as per their wish, it is hard for poor people to settle their bails. The poor people end up finding themselves serving prison terms due to being unable to settle the bonds. Data has proved that 95% of people serving jail…

RE: Crime and Convict Transportation What is the significance of the law of attaint as outlined by Kercher? The party that had brought the attaint could introduce the same evidence that had been originally given at trial while the jury whose verdict was questioned was allowed to represent a new matter. In case it was found that an error had been made on the verdict, the wrong could be redressed while the original jury could be punished (Kercher 2003, p.554). The impact of being convicted of a felony was that all the property of the convict would be vested to the crown. One could not be sued or give evidence in the court. The law of attaint was applied to the felons and if it was strictly applied it became a form of civil death since no one could have full civil rights. What did you find most interesting or surprising from the Maxwell-Stewart article? The most interesting thing in the article is the practice of transporting the convicts to various parts all over the World which can be likened to…

Vertical integration Vertical integration is where the company can create a competitive advantage by integrating different stages of its production process. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing the production of goods and services in the same part of the supply chain. The number of firms – no supplier that can change the company monopoly prices for the coffee shop ingredient, so it is not wise to consider vertical integration. The use of Economies of scale and scope- it is cost-effective for the company to come up with ingredients used to make coffee to avoid vertical integration. The scope for opportunism- the supplier- cannot sell below-par the coffee ingredients, so we don’t need vertical integration. Uncertainty- the ingredients for coffee may be uncertain due to weather and climate factors, so we do not need vertical integration. Asset specificity- the ingredients for making coffee can be used for making other drinks, so we don’t need vertical integration. Firm-specific knowledge- the ingredient for making coffee is not a trade secret, so we do not need to integrate. The complexity of…

Name Course Tutor Date An email asking for a favour Dear John, As I informed you last week, I am expected to attend to three critical meetings this week. Tomorrow, I am expected to attend our friend June’s wedding planning meeting. However, tomorrow I have an important class that I cannot afford to miss. As you may know, June is my friend of many years, and it would not be proper for me to miss her wedding planning meeting. Thus, I am asking you for a favour to represent me in that meeting. The meeting will be taking place at Dolls Lounge from 3 pm. In the event you may not be in a position to attend, kindly let me know in time, so I make other arrangements. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks.         An email requesting for information Dear Rose, I have lost my student online class login credentials. I am currently unable to log in and access the class. As you may be aware, the problem has persisted for the last…

The Secret Life of a Brain This week’s perspective paper is based on the theme of the brain v\s the mind. It is seen in the process of the brain sending messages and the mind processing it. Reading is the outcome in this case. It takes the brain the coordination of several processes to successfully read. Plasticity as a theme is also seen. The brain has the ability to change. Experience slowly changes the brain The video showcases different aspects that the doctors are trying to learn about the brain. We see how the brain learns. It is made up of trillions of connections. The fascinating bit is that a child usually has twice as many connections as an adult. With time comes experience, which is the sculptor of the connections in the brain. It either takes away certain connections or decides to keep them. That is what learning is all about. It is changing the weight of the brain’s connections, all depending on the brain’s experience. A child’s brain is seen as plastic, a magnificent and flexible machine that…

urbanization As urbanization increases, the world-wide city infrastructure will have a demand which it will not handle. By the year 2050, two-thirds of the global population will migrate to urban areas (Boston. City Council, 2018). It will result in; higher demand for health services and involvement in markets. More houses will be needed as well as other infrastructures.     Today city leaders are experiencing vast challenges. There is a small environmental material. Cities have accelerating capital inequality. They are budgets shrinking as well as shifts in the way individuals participate in the taskforce.     Most private-public collaborations work on harmful or sustainable business plans (Werbach, 2019). Cities are facing problems with the weight of increasing debts and shrinking financial budgets. Urban officials are held up in the management of various sellers.     The Master card approach will involve four steps; piloting, learning, iterating, and scaling. It will offer solutions which will help in the modernization of retail sections. It will be vital in all retail vendors as well as solving problems in the microenterprise section.     Working…

Part 1 Following graduation, nursing students are faced with the challenge of transitioning from student nurses to working nurses in an environment that is new to them. Since nursing roles evolve and are influenced by numerous environmental issues, it is necessary for nurses to plan for interventions to help them navigate through their first year of nursing practice. Using the Brown and Olshansky’s model, the four phases for transitioning are laying foundation, launching, meeting the challenge, and broadening the perspective (Brown et al., (1997). The interventions for laying out a foundation that I plan to do include taking a month break to relax and heal from all the school work before joining the workforce. After the break, my next plan is making several applications for nursing positions in hospitals that I would find satisfactory. I will personally drop my letters and do online applications where necessary. While it is normal to worry about my efficiency as a nurse in a clinical setting, my intervention to reduce my worrying is meditation to take my mind off stressful situations. Once I launch…

Article Summary Drought has seriously affected both human society and the natural world. There are estimations that drought usually increases when there are cases of climate changing globally. As a result, evaluating the risks of occurrence of drought due to global climate change is a vital area of conducting climate research. Recommendations have been made that the increase in the average temperatures globally needs to be controlled to a range of 1.5 °C to 2 °C beyond the levels that are pre-industrial, as a way of reducing the effects of adverse climate change. However, various studies have focused on how relatively significant the average temperature rise of 0.5 °C globally is and the nature of effect it might have on drought and aridity across the globe. Due to this, the article aimed at contributing to the understanding of the importance of 0.5°C. The study in the article showed that a warming of 2 °C led to more severe aridity and more regular years that are dry in most of the regions across the world in comparison to 1.5 °C. This…

HP       Works Cited “Health Effects.” Tobacco Atlas, 16 Apr. 2019, tobaccoatlas.org/topic/health-effects/. McDowell, Sandy. “12 Key Findings from the New Edition of The Tobacco Atlas.” American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, 8 Mar. 2018, www.cancer.org/latest-news/twelve-key-findings-from-the-new-edition-of-the-tobacco-atlas.html. Using Science to Promote B Around the World in 72 Days; Ida Tarbell: The Impact and The Echoes As late as the 1890s, women’s roles in society were being questioned. It took women’s intervention in journalism to understand what men can do; women can also get involved and be successful. The movie demystifies stunt journalism, where a woman in media tries to partake on an unknown journey across the world to bring news to her people. Nellie Bly has been in the public’s eyes for some time due to her kind of investigative journalism. Creating a need and partaking different roles in society to acquire first-hand information about different operations and whether the public deems fit for humans. Before the purported journey, the lady had unleashed several rots in the society, thus her populous status. A world journey was a risk, one that…