Case Study for Ethics in nursing
In “Saviors” by Pool &Tauss (1998) the ethical fallacy is how many people have argued about the lack of intellectual coherence on the use of Primates for organ donation. With recent health developments in nursing in the possibility of using primates with human characteristics makes it nurses and other health workers to be able to produce new kinds of organs to be used in the fields of nursing other than other mammals.
However, the use of these species to produce human organs raises ethical questions about the relationship between these species and humans, and about human evolution with these nonhuman species. Moreover, these ethical concerns provide a critical perspective on the relationship between culture, evolution, and biology of the human past with nonhuman animals and increasingly antedates the future of nursing, and medicine of human beings.
Nonetheless, it is ethically questionable why the are primates and not any other animals are used for organ donation. The ethical questions arise because the primates, according to xenotransplantation have ethical concerns which include distributive justice, allocation of resources, and the animal should also have rights (Jorqui-Azofra et al., 2020). According to Jane Goodwill, she argued that despite scientists’ prefer primates for organ and tissue production, their ethical rights should be addressed (Plannthin, 2016). The reason for animal rights is because capturing primate infants by killing their mothers has contributed has led to endangering the species. Moreover, primate infants do not become prolific breeders if they are separated from their mothers.
Distributive justice is another questionable ethical issue on the use of primates for organ production (Ormond, 2019). The use of this species, many argue that it is wrong to mistreat animals, this is because it can make those primates dangerous. With this kind of concern raising primates for an organ transplant is criticized for stiffening human susceptibilities. However, it can also be argued about how the government is supposed to protect these primates for genetic purposes because the same government protects the laboratory used for animal organ production. Therefore, fairness and justice are required by society to be borne of primates.
Yes, most people will agree with these arguments. Many people are crossed the threshold by the way scientist in the field of nursing is just using primates as spare pans for the lives of human beings. The ethics stretch because most profit-enterprises are coming up which are raising temptations on the use of primates for organ production. Moreover, the rights of these animals are supposed to be looked upon, to ensure proper transplantation procedure to avoid endangering these species. Furthermore, by having these animal rights it will ensure extensive monitoring to try and avoid transmitting deadly diseases, and genetic alterations from primates to humans (Palacios-González, 2017).
In summary, in organ production primates are frequently used because of the use of swine. Primates because of their larger sizes make them better to accommodate the porcine organs. However, ethically the use of primates raises various concerns that are supposed to be addressed, because ethically these species also have rights, and therefore is important if they are treated fairly. Nonetheless, some of the primate critical ethical concerns require interference because primates will be used for profit-making processes by profit enterprises thus, endangering the lives of primates.
References
Jorqui-Azofra, M. (2020). Regulation of Clinical Xenotransplantation: A Reappraisal of the Legal, Ethical, and Social Aspects Involved. In Xenotransplantation (pp. 315-358). Humana, New York, NY.
Ormond, K. E., Bombard, Y., Bonham, V. L., Hoffman-Andrews, L., Howard, H., Isasi, R., … & Allyse, M. (2019). The clinical application of gene editing: ethical and social issues. Personalized medicine, 16 (4), 337-350.
Palacios-González, C. (2017). Chimeras intended for human gamete production: an ethical alternative?. Reproductive biomedicine online, 35 (4), 387-390.
Plannthin, D. K. (2016). Animal ethics and welfare in the fashion and lifestyle industries. In Green Fashion (pp. 49-122). Springer, Singapore.