Article Summary and Synthesis
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Article Summary and Synthesis
The article “Ethics and international affairs: Extent and limits” compiled by (The United Nations University, 2001) assert that current international ethics are stretched to a great extent and limits. The authors discuss this by evaluating the means through which the global community has made a rejoinder to some of the most vital challenges after the end of the cold war. The authors also make a discourse on how responsibility is contemplated at various levels, including international, national, and individualistic levels when dealing with the concerns of human rights, humanitarian intercession, environmental affairs, deliberations of gender, Global economic system, concerns of war, peace and the predicament of refugees. Thus, the book emphasizes the necessity to stress on better execution and advancements of international standards that are currently existing (The United Nations University, 2001). The book’s topics, including “Violence and ethics” and “ethics and diplomacy,” all address the aspect of the great extent and limits of current international ethics.
The article “Ethics & International Affairs” (Rosenthal & Barry, 2009) asserts that realism plays an essential part in international affairs based on ethics. Thus, the article revolves around the theory that war in its true self is established on the grounds of moral reality. This being the case, realism considers war as a process through which society disintegrates, and self-regard thrives. As an overview, the distinctions of either right or wrong, and even justice or injustice does not belong to society. Based on the theory of realism, numerous wars can’t result in moral dilemmas. The reality of international politics is addressed through realism, whereby the top-most objective is survivorship of the state. This elucidates why nations are judged based on responsibility ethics and not moral postulations (Rosenthal & Barry, 2009).
The article Morality and “the National Interest” (Welch, 2020) asserts that the association between the two aspects of morality and national interest in the field of international relations is of a complicated nature. This being the case, four positions are established on the same. The first position is based on the assumption that the two terms are inherently distinct imperatives. This means that should morality apprise an issue on international relations such as foreign policy, then national interest will have no ability to do so. The same can also apply the other way around. The position is based on the assumption that isn’t any agitation between the two terms, and thus what can be considered to be of national interest is also deemed a moral aspect. The third position is that although the two terms are quite distinct, morality represents what is right/wrong, while national interest represents situations that are either advantageous or not. The final position is that while national interest can be said to have morality, some terms in the national interest, such as foreign policy, may fail to uphold morality (Welch, 2020).
The article “A Writer’s Reference” (Hacker & Sommers, 2011) asserts that correctness and research are the two most important aspects to be considered for writing to be complete. In the first part of correctness, the factors to be considered include grammatical sentences, punctuations such as commas and apostrophes, Mechanics such as capitalization, and finally, a rudimentary grammar, which entails parts of speech and sentences. On the other hand, the research includes assessing sources, carrying out research, and avoiding plagiarism. The formatting and citation styles of APA and MLA are also put into consideration as they are considered key in drafting professional papers (Hacker & Sommers, 2011).
As an overview, the article “Ethics and international affairs: Extent and limits” compiled by (The United Nations University, 2001) assert that current international ethics are stretched to a great extent and limits. On the other hand, the article “Ethics & International Affairs” (Rosenthal & Barry, 2009) asserts that realism plays a significant part in international affairs based on ethics. The article Morality and “the National Interest” (Welch, 2020) asserts that the association between the two aspects of morality and national interest in the field of international relations is of a complicated nature. Finally, the article “A Writer’s Reference” (Hacker & Sommers, 2011) asserts that correctness and research are the two most important aspects to be considered for writing to be complete.
References
Hacker, D., & Sommers, N. (2011). A Writer’s Reference [eBook] (7th ed., pp. 10-620). Retrieved 19 October 2020, from http://202010182001409cf1076b8b7651e8ac4510d442e38c32%20(1).pdf.
Rosenthal, J., & Barry, C. (2009). Ethics & International Affairs A Reader [eBook] (3rd ed., pp. 20-360). Georgetown University Press. Retrieved 19 October 2020, from http://20201019010145edited_by_joel_h._rosenthal_and_christian_barry___ethics___international_affairs__a_reader_1_%20(1).pdf.
The United Nations University (2001). Ethics and international affairs: Extent and limits [eBook] (pp. 10-2898). United Nations University Press. Retrieved 19 October 2020, from http://202010182001283b31aec146f0e223b8d10303035d1354%20(1).pdf.
Welch, D. (2020). Morality and “the National Interest” [eBook] (pp. 3-12). Retrieved 19 October 2020, from http://20201019023611valls____welch%20(1).pdf.