Answer the Questions Provided
Question 1
Absolute monarchy, also referred to as absolute doctrine, refers to a type of monarchy in which full autocratic power is held by the monarch. The monarch is not restricted by customs, written laws, or the legislature. The absolute monarchies are, in most instances, hereditary.
The ruler of France, Louis XIV, is significantly associated with the doctrine of od absolute monarchy. The ruler who held power from the late seventeenth to the early eighteenth century proclaimed himself as the state. The ruler considered his proclamation as absolutism. The goal that Louis XIV held, highly promoted the absolutism ideology through the suggestion of one king, one faith, one law. Louis focused on the promotion of religious royalty, unity, dignity, and the security of the state. The achievement of the envisioned goal, Louis had exercise firmness in the course of his ruling. He had the obligation of setting up strict laws and guidelines for all people to see. The doctrine of absolutism, as propagated by Louis XIV focused on fostering four main aspects of the state. it foccussed on creation and breeding of a strong military, the versatile in controlling the nobility of the state, improvement of the economy and the brutal extinction of religious toleration.
Question 2
The doctrines of divine rights, also known as God’s mandate, refers to a religious and political doctrine that emphasizes political legitimacy. It operates from a specific metaphysical framework in which kings and queens are selected as heirs before their births. The presentation of the physical manifestations of the ruler results in the governed population actively handing the metaphysical selection of the soul of the ruler, which consequently inhabits the body and thereby rule them over to God. The divine rights operate as a metaphysical act of humility and submission towards the Godhead.
Divine rights relate to absolute monarch following the fact that it suggests that the ruler, in most cases, a monarch, should not be subjected to any earthly authority similar to the monotheist of God. The monarch is not subjected to the will of aristocracy, the people, or other estate of the realm. It suggests that unjust monarch can only be judged by divine authority. Also, it suggests that any attempt to dethrone, depose, or restrict the role of a monarch contradicts the will of God and may result in sacrilegious religious acts. The expression of divine rights, in most cases, is expressed by the phrase “by the grace of God.” The expression, in most instances, attached to the titles of the ruling monarch. The doctrine of divine rights has been highly used in the legitimation of absolute monarchies.
Question 3
The scientific revolution resulted from a series of events that led to the development of modern science. The period of scientific revolution mainly occurred during the early period. It was characterized by developments in physics, Mathematics biology, chemistry, and astronomy that led to the transformation of societal views concerning nature.
In a historical concept, revolution engages the period of a fundamentally relatively sudden change in political power and political organization. It typically occurred following perceived oppression in society. There are mainly two types of political revolutions, including a complete change from one constitution to another and the modification of an existing constitution. The aspect of revolution also involves significant changes regarding human ideologies and inventions. It includes the various changes rooted in the economic sector, focusing on the change from traditional norms to the adaption of new inventions.
The idea of the scientific revolution fits the notion of the history of revolution. The scientific revolution characterizes a period of a complete shift from the traditional ways of doing things to more modernized measures. It includes measures including industrialization that have led to increased mass production, consequently more economic prospects. The period of scientific revolution focuses on the adaption of new measures of operations through the adoption of better techniques of operation.
Question 4
Enlightenment refers to various ideas relating to sovereignty of reason and the evidence of the senses as the main sources of knowledge and advanced ideals, including progress, liberty, tolerance, constitutional government, and the separation of the state and church.
There are five main concerns of enlightenment, including reason, progress, happiness, liberty, and nature. The concern on reason suggests that through the use of logical thinking and reasoning, the philosophers engage the ineffective analysis of truth in the world. The use of pf logic and reason can result in the attainment of moral and right answers. The idea of progress is represented as the philosophers that all humans and society have the ability to improve. It is presented by the thought that it is the responsibility of citizens to engage in activities aimed at making society better. The idea of happiness is presented during the mid-evil time. There was the assertion that life was meant for suffering. The notion suggested that the acquirement of happiness was in the after-life. The philosophy of enlightenment, however, suggests that people were meant to find happiness in life. It consequently suggests that people have the responsibility of seeking joy on earth. The idea of liberty was drawn from the English form of liberty. The suggestion follows the fact that English had won in their revolution, in addition to having the bill of rights. Concerning the idea of nature, the philosophers believed that anything natural was true, good, and reasonable. It facilitates the support of the natural laws that focuses on human nature and society.
There are three main enlightenment thoughts, including reason, scientific method, and progress. The thoughts form the main concepts of the enlightenment philosophy. The enlightenment thinkers ascertain that they could facilitate the creation of better societies and people. The beliefs of the thinkers were enhanced by modest improvements in social life and economic status in the eighteenth century.
The thought of reason forms the main and original idea of the philosophy. It relies on the use of natural science for the extermination and understanding of the various aspects of life. It focuses on the submission of various factors to rationalism. The thoughts on scientific methods rely on the belief that scientific methods could facilitate the discovery of laws of human societies and the laws of nature. The thought on progress is tooted on the goal of the enlightenment thinkers to facilitate the creation of better people and societies through the eradication of outmoded traditions and focusing on embracing rationalism.
Question 5
The connection between enlightenment and scientific revolution is rooted in the concepts held by the two ideologies. Enlightenment thinkers focused on the aspects of progress, liberty, tolerance, and the ending of abuses of the state and the church. For the scientific revolution, the ideology mainly focused and contributed to progress, tolerance, and reason. Voltaire referred to Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and John Locke as the Holy trinity. John Locke wrote two treatises on governments as a way of creating a justification for the glorious revolution and the end of absolutism in England. He opines that humans are born good with the rights to life, property, and liberty. He believes that in the case that human rights are not protected by the government, then the people have the right to revolt. The contributions of Isaac newton are mainly related to the idea of the scientific revolution. Through the discoveries that Isaac newton made in physics. There are various scientific inventions that rely on the discoveries of Isaac Newton. Francis Bacon, on the other hand, is accredited for his contributions to the development of scientific methods.