CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Most psychological research methods can be obtained from surveying by enquiring information from those involved or referring to the archived data from different sources. In the research proposed, men are the targeted subject to test their implicit bias towards women. The research methodology chosen for the analysis was based on considering certain factors from identifying the problem, reviewing associated literature, hypothesis, aims, and research objectives (Hahn, & Gawronski, 2019). Since the research aims to find the percentage of biased adult men towards women, it was crucial to guide the correct method to collect preferred data that can be evaluated to give the desired results. The information provided by the review acted as the guideline toward the technique of data analysis required for the best products to be obtained.
1.0 Background
Reflexivity
Over the last two decades, the percentage of implicitly biased men towards women tends to have decreased. However, according to the previous five years, the rate is still high, and around 90% of the men worldwide are gender-biased. Such bias has become the norm in society, which has created differences in most men’s mindsets (Lazard, & McAvoy, 2020). In my perspective, the percentage is decreasing with reasons that many organizations fighting for women’s rights and individual feminists have emerged. There is an improvement in the education sector, especially in the USA and the United States of America. The education gap is decreasing compared to five years ago, and more women are emerging to lead businesses successfully. However, the number of women in parliament remains lower than those of males.
The research is expected to employ different research methods to develop the best data results, which can be relied on to know the percentage of implicit bias males on women. The case study design method was chosen as the best method for retrieving enough data for this research. Through the experiment, it was observed that the other factors were kept constant; the best results which can produce an accurate result after analysis would be obtained. The chosen design relies on social sciences to examine real-life situations, such as implicit bias, that our research is all about (Lazard, & McAvoy, 2020). This design will be more comfortable knowing what percentage of men show implicit bias towards women since the problem still exists in contemporary society. The system is particular to its objective, and the cause of men’s displayed behavior towards women will not be considered in this case.
1.1 Purpose statement
Due to the increased number of men in jobs than women, more male scientists than women, a wide gap in education between men and women, and more men in power than women, men’s implicit bias towards women tends to be higher and needs to be investigated (Yen, Durrheim, & Tafarodi, 2018). The assignments are given to women who do not belong to their careers also indicate unfairness towards women.
1.2 Data collection
The best way of collecting data for the study is through the Harvard implicit bias test, which allows people to discover their implicit bias of psychological phenomena. The data collection was done by encouraging people to take an implicit bias test, which could be accessed through their smartphones or tablets (Hall, & Lee, 2020). This method is captivating as many wishes to determine whether they are based on particular psychological phenomena or not. The website is very secure, and the data security is guaranteed. We will visit different men in different places and advise them to take an implicit bias test through the website, which they will access through their devices. The website allows participants to select additional images or texts on the screen by tapping a specific key from the keyboard. Participants’ time to respond to particular stimuli is considered to have connections with their mental association; thus, this guides the website to calculate the bias in an individual.
1.4 Limitations of this method of data collection
The results obtained through the test are just an estimation, which may vary as the website does not give room for personal preferences. It can provide different products for the same person on a repeated test as it has been observed. The reliance on artificial intelligence language may not be the most suitable as some preferences may not be available in their databases (Yen, Durrheim, & Tafarodi, 2018). Since it cannot give the exact level of bias after just one test, an individual has to take many tests, leading to the correct results. The method does not lead to precise results through a few tests and depends on predicting behavior based on what has been fed to websites databases. The accuracy of the results may be limited to other prejudices in an individual, which may not exist on the website. The results obtained are just assumptions that may have a significant deficit of relevant information about an individual.
1.5 Apparatus and materials
The study is purposed to utilize the survey monkey website and accessible to the targeted people through their smartphones, computers, or tablets. The main reason that contributed to the choice is that the number of respondents is high (Hahn, & Gawronski, 2019). Through smartphones, which many of the targeted people have, it will be easier for them to complete the survey and the questionnaire online. The participants will be informed about the importance of the study and be encouraged to participate. The data that will have been obtained will be kept secure by the Monkey website, a safe and confidential website trusted; thus, it could not be manipulated.
1.6 Participants
The participants will be adult men working in different organizations and local businesses to provide information on the research. Their expected behavior on women in leadership and their views on women’s general contact will be questioned through different questions set by the IAT (Hall, & Lee, 2020). The respondents to the test, which will be availed to them on their phones by the monkey website, will provide their answers to the web where we will be able to trace it. Are expected to be of different levels of working categories in various organizations and local businesses.
The study targets fifty men who will be chosen randomly to answer survey questions, which will utilize Likert-scale.
1.7 Data analysis
The data analysis will be through the Monkey website, which will be expected to formulate all the calculations assets. Different results for different people will be downloaded for the sake of the final analysis (Hahn, & Gawronski, 2019). The results for each will be used to calculate the absolute percentage of implicit bias men towards women. The results for each will be considered authentic, and it will be easy to collect information from many men as possible.
1.8 Ethical concerns
The ethical concerns considered to ensure that the data is obtained without any interruption include avoiding disturbance to the interviewees. The survey can be answered genuinely without considering who requires the data and why it is required (Gul, Parveen, & Yousuf, NA). Informed consent is critical, and the interviewees will participate voluntarily in the survey. They will not be forced to participate, thus ensuring ethics, which are necessary for enquiring information. The benefit of the study to the participants will be that they will know their implicit bias towards women, which will help them advance their ways towards improvement. There will be much confidentiality as everyone will get individual results from his or her electronic device.
References for methodology
Yen, J., Durrheim, K., & Tafarodi, R. W. (2018). ‘I’m happy to own my implicit biases’: Public encounters with the implicit association test. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(3), 505-523.
Hall, S. S., & Lee, K. H. (2020). Marital Attitudes and Implicit Associations Tests (IAT) among Young Adults. Journal of Family Issues, 0192513X20949899.
Hahn, A., & Gawronski, B. (2019). Facing one’s implicit biases: From awareness to acknowledgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(5), 769.
Gul, S., Parveen, Q., & Yousuf, M. I. Ethics of Conducting Research in Social Sciences at the University Level in Pakistan.
Lazard, L., & McAvoy, J. (2020). Doing reflexivity in psychological research: What’s the point? What’s the practice?. Qualitative research in psychology, 17(2), 159-177.