Expectancy theory
Academic and administrative staff of public universities.
Individuals
questionnaires
IV:
v Employee motivation.
DV:
v Productivity
v Organizational community
v Employee motivation has positive effect on the employee productivity.
v Employee motivation has a positive effect on organizational commitment.
v Organizational commitment impacts employee productivity
Bhatti and Qureshi (2007)
Human relation theory
Managers and immediate bosses
Organizations
Questionnaires
IV:
v Employee participation
DV:
v Employee commitment
v Job satisfaction
v Employee productivity
v Job satisfaction positively correlates with employee participation and commitment.
v Employee satisfaction significantly impact on the employees’ job satisfaction.
v Employees’ participation in decision making results in improved productivity.
Afzal et al. (2019)
N/A
College teachers
Individuals
v Maslach Burnout Inventory
v Workload questionnaire
IV:
v Workload
DV:
v Academic workload burnout
v Co-curricular workload burnout
v Workload emotional exhaustion
v The teacher’s workload associate with their emotional exhaustion.