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The secretion system of type 3

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The secretion system of type 3

Discussion

The secretion system of type 3 is aimed at investigating the encoding of the protein, based on their structural effectors, and he related bacterial infections, which are risky due to the EPEC. The assessment is discussed based on their functionality interchanging due to the existence of both LEE EPEC and the bacteria E.tarda.  Hence, the results found are based on experimental practices (Zheng & Leung, 2007). Firstly, it was found that the bacteria tested produced a protein that substitutes for EscP EEC in promoting translocators secretion but not Tir delivery into HeLa cell. The interchanging of the homologous structure of the protein was low as compared to the EPEC EscP and E.tarda proteins. The E.tarda have comparatively low functional interchangeability due to the existing similar sequences in their amino acids.

The composition of their protein is affected by the serum complements, which helps in preventing activation of alternative pathways on the surfaces which expose the homologous sequences. Hence, the bacterium is helped by the LEE sequence of the esP gene, which prevents further mutation, which is examined by the cellular protein level. The escP mutant secreted low levels of each translocator and high level of Tir as indicated in figure A. Interestingly, the escP mutant complemented with plasmids carrying either the E. tarda or EPEC escP genes rescued the translocator secretion defect, but the E. tarda variant did not reduce Tir secretion levels (Li et al., 2017). Hence, the encoding of the proteins makes the bacterium have a lower homologous interchange as compared to the EPEC EscP. The composition of the homologous sequence depends on the encoding of Tir delivery, which causes restoration of the plasmid effector capacity.

In addition, it was also found that the E.tarda translocator proteins (EspA and EspD) had a weak capacity to functionality replace their EPEC homologous unless co-expressed. Observations have shown that the secretion profile of an esAB deficient double mutant as a result of introducing the carrying profile of E.Taraa espADB (Kole & Bedekar, 2017). Hence, the translocator proteins are responsible for effecting the mutation process, which determines the capacitor of functionality. The functionality of interchangeability is a determinant of the replacement of EPEC homologous. Hence the results showed that the test which produced the highest level of translocator had the strongest level of functional capacity. The interchange of E.tarda proteins was evident to be high in EPEC as compared to espA.

The mutation of the bacterium is relatively slower due to the plasmid carriers as they are associated with the secretion of the three basic bands, which correspond with the residues, as mentioned above. Absence of EPEC espA and espB genes prevents expression/secretion of each translocator, Tir and EspC (at least secretion of latter) with the Tir and EspC defects rescued by introducing a plasmid carrying the E. tarda espA/B/D genes; latter linked to secretion of these E. tarda proteins (Lu & Xie, 2016). The Tir delivery is also a contributive factor of the weak capacity of functionality as it affects the interaction of EspDet and the T” form. The plasmid composition of EPEC structure is responsible for the balancing and absence of further observations when the homologous segments co-express in both genes, which results in lest secretion and mutation within the protein-encoding. Hence, the insoluble Tir within the espDB confirms the co-existence of the bacterium protein component, which is illustrated in the experiment. The translocation is taken as the confirmatory test of the experiment to identify the level of capacity functionality of both tests.

The experiment also showed that the ability of restoration was no possible in EPEC escK mutants to comply system as it was expected to undergo secretion of translocator and delivery of the effector protein. The difference between the EPEC and E.tarda for Esck mutation was found to be 21.4% and 12.6% similarity and identity, respectively. Hence, the results show that there was a little interchangeability in mutation processes due to the complemented deficiency of plasmids associated with cellular protein (Yuan & Karamanou, 2018). Western blot analysis of the supernatant samples confirmed EPEC to secrete, unlike a T3SS mutant, the translocators (EspA, EspD, and EspB), and the Tir effector (Figure 13C). Notably, the western blot data results supported the Coomassie stain data i.e., sepL mutant secretes little/no translocator proteins with increased secretion of effectors (Tir) with these changes rescued (but not to EPEC level) by re-plasmid introducing the EPEC sepL gene (Figure 13).

The observations portray the weakness of mutation processes of E.tarda, which is contributed by the existence of weak corresponding between the genes and the effector proteins. The effector is supposed to be delivered by the escK mutants after the translocators have been secreted. Hence, the gens failed to respond to the restoration experiment due to the deficient mutation procedures (Campellone & Leong, 2003). Besides, Tir is rarely affected by the HeLa cell, which was exposed in the strains to bring out the expectations of the experiment. As a result, the modifications of kinase and sepL mutant re-introduced the delivery system hence bringing out the E.taraa sepL gene within the ecosystem. Hence, to sum up, the secretion testing showed that Tir is the only component secreted by the sepL while it does not secrete translocator proteins. This is because Tir is cleaved due to the C-terminal end, which is confirmed by the removal of Ha-epitope.

 

 

 

 

 

References

Campellone, K. G., & Leong, J. M. (2003). Tails of two Tirs: actin pedestal formation by enteropathogenic E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157: H7. Current opinion in microbiology6(1), 82-90.

Condry, D. L. J., & Nilles, M. L. (2017). Introduction to type III secretion systems. In Type 3 Secretion Systems (pp. 1-10). Humana Press, New York, NY.

Costa, S. C., Schmitz, A. M., Jahufar, F. F., Boyd, J. D., Cho, M. Y., Glicksman, M. A., & Lesser, C. F. (2012). A new means to identify type 3 secreted effectors: functionally interchangeable class IB chaperones recognize a conserved sequence. MBio3(1).

Lapointe, T. K., & Buret, A. G. (2009). The role of epithelial malfunction in the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic E. coli-induced diarrhea. Laboratory Investigation89(9), 964-970.

Lu, J. F., & Xie, H. X. (2016). Edwardsiella tarda EscE (Orf13 protein) is a type III secretion system-secreted protein that is required for the injection of effectors, secretion of translocators, and pathogenesis in fish. Infection and immunity84(1), 2-10.

Singh, P. (2011). Structural and Functional Characterization of Bacterial Secretion Systems Using Mass Spectrometry. The University of Washington.

Yuan, B., & Karamanou, S. (2018). Optimization of Type 3 protein secretion in enteropathogenic E. coli. FEMS Microbiology Letters.

Zheng, J., & Leung, K. Y. (2007). Dissection of a type VI secretion system in Edwardsiella tarda. Molecular Microbiology66(5), 1192-1206.

Li, H., Zhu, Q. F., & Peng, B. (2017). Interactome of E. piscicida and grouper liver proteins reveals strategies of bacterial infection and host immune response. Scientific reports7(1), 1-13.

Kole, S., & Bedekar, M. K. (2017). Tissue-specific expression profile of some immune-related genes in Labeo rohita to Edwardsiella tarda infection. Fish & shellfish immunology66, 575-582.

Li, H., Huang, X., Zeng, Z., Peng, X. X., & Peng, B. (2016). Identification of the interactome between fish plasma proteins and Edwardsiella tarda reveals tissue-specific strategies against bacterial infection. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology78, 260-267.

 

 

 

 

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