郭导游
郭导游(2020)表示,当地会有很多志愿者参与到传统园林里以及博物馆的管理过程中。这些志愿者大部分都是苏州的大学生,还有一些老人们,他们都退休了没有什么事情做。大学生们来当志愿者的目的很多都是增加自己的社会经历。如果说本地的居民很少来当志愿者,他们都忙于工作,没有闲暇时间服务游客们。
苏州博物馆是一个很美观的建筑,这里打卡的人比较多,很少有年轻人想要真正地了解其中的文化。
二零一八年,苏州政府认证了8家丝绸企业,这样他们在丝绸上放上了身份证。这样也就是说以后游客可以买到政府认证的真丝绸了。这些都是慢慢的改变,不能说是一蹴而就的。
1986年,苏州市政府决定成立苏州戏曲博物馆,戏博馆址定在全晋会馆。同年10月,苏州戏曲博物馆对外开放。2001年5月18日,发源于苏州的中国昆曲被联合国教科文组织列为首批“人类口述和非物质文化遗产代表作”。
2012年就开始整改过,当时苏州旅游业存在的问题表现在5个方面:恶性价格竞争;强迫消费;履行合约不到位;服务质量不高;游客集中区域游商拉客现象严重。
苏州建城于公元前514年,距今已有2500多年的历史,春秋时期曾是吴国的都城。悠久的历史造就了苏州独特的人文景观。全市现有各级各类文物保护单位538处,其中国家级34处,省级106处。苏州“园林之城”的荣称天下众所周知。
1986年,苏州市政府决定成立苏州戏曲博物馆,戏博馆址定在全晋会馆。同年10月,苏州戏曲博物馆对外开放。2001年5月18日,发源于苏州的中国昆曲被联合国教科文组织列为首批“人类口述和非物质文化遗产代表作”。
1992年和新加坡合作可以说是苏州城市化最快速的一步,金鸡湖东边一大片地都整体规划成为现代园区。后来苏州大力引进外资,经济一下发展起来。
城规讲解员
20世纪90年代苏州就已经确定了“保护古城,建设新区”的方针,先后建设了高新区和园区,这两个区大力引进外贸,尤其是工业园区,是与新加坡合作的。这两个新区形成了新的主导产业园,把古城区的经济带动向周边发展。
在苏州的整体规划中,历史城区是文化旅游以及原住民居住的地方,而新城区则承担着城市中心的功能,包括商务,交通,现代制造业等。
在2008年,当时苏州是全国城乡一体化发展的第一批城市。经过几年的实践探索,苏州城乡一体化发展就取得明显成效。在国家出版的《长江三角洲地区区域规划》中,首次提出“建设苏州城乡一体化示范区”的说法。
2001年以来,苏州抓住国际产业资本向长三角地区转移的机遇,积极实施招商引资战略,然后2012年达到巅峰,实际利用外资91.6亿美元。这些外资主要流向了苏州制造业。
近些年快速上升的人工成本,甚至超过了GDP增长速度。工资快速上涨导致制造业劳动力成本飙升,这些制造业的低成本优势开始一点点儿消失,对人工成本较为敏感的代加工厂的日子越来越难经营下去了。
苏州老城区有10个大门,但是现在只剩下盘门,胥门和金门了,其他的都被拆了。由于城市发展,政府还修建了一些交通要道,但这些道路拆毁了好几千米的宋元明清的街道和小巷子。她认为这种事情其实也是无法避免的,当时的社会使用马车,现在已经21世纪了,都是汽车高铁了,拆了这些道路也是很合情合理的,这是无可厚非的事情。
在2003年,苏州开28届世界遗产大会,苏州城市规划展示馆的总体规划厅还是主会场。因为这个,当时的主要街道的园林景点的路牌上都配上了中英文对照名称,主干道的路灯也改建成仿古风格的宫灯,公交车站也改建成古式古香的亭子,就连电话亭、栏杆也建成了仿古样式,这是迎合当时的大会,为了给世界一个比较好的印象。
昆曲演员
昆曲中最出名的戏剧,牡丹亭,的全本戏一共需要演出55折,也就是有55场,大约一刻不停地演出也要27个小时。但是2004年著名作家白先勇改编了青春版昆曲《牡丹亭》当时开始在世界巡演,把原来五十五折的戏取其精华删减成二十九折
她感觉在电视或者电脑上观看昆曲就有点奇怪了,有些氛围是无法通过屏幕呈现的。
因为新冠肺炎影响,2020上半年都没有演出,6月份才开始演出,开始也都是现场售票,或者内销,现在大家因为半年没有接触艺术了,票很快就卖没了,因为剧场比较小,并且只有姑苏区才有,所以人很多。
2000年以后出生的孩子最多听到的传统曲艺形式也就是京剧了,但是却几乎没有去现场看过,带孩子去现场的都是一些特别有文化的父母。昆曲又是传统曲艺中比较高雅的一个剧种了,昆曲里有很多典故,如果你不博学多才,在没有字幕的前提下是听不懂的。
大学生对昆曲不了解甚至是一无所知是很正常的事情,他们不知道为什么演员要将一句话唱那么长时间 ;旋律为什么要这么跳跃 ;走路为什么要用那种姿态,这样就导致了文化断层,
她认为最影响他们积极性的就是没有新曲目,现在表演的很多也都是原始的剧本,都唱600年了,很难让观众再提起兴趣。
2018年,国家也侧重于这方面的培养了。当时有一个国家艺术基金《昆曲编剧人才培养》项目,经主办方选拔30名学员,这些个获得由国家艺术基金给这个项目提供的学习材料费、食宿费等等。但是两年过去了,她也没有听到有什么成果。
但是苏州博物馆的志愿者工作无论是筛选人员还是规章制度都是比较严格的,2015年来到苏博当志援者的Zhoumin(2019)解释说,在2016年苏博就开始要求志愿者在App上面进行打卡,在年底考核时,有一位位已经服务多年的老志愿者因为忘记在线打卡,导致服务次数不达标而被志愿社劝退(&11.0)。
转而至城市高速发展的今天,随着城镇化的持续推进,历史城镇文化景观也将走向转型新生之路。快速的城镇化进程将历史城镇文化景观与现代城市空间迅,速关联起来,使历史城镇文化遗产的意义不仅限于实现在社会生活、经济文化的运转,而是之于现代城市成为城市中的历史文化资源,承载着更多意义。
With the rapid development of cities and the continuous advancement of urbanisation, the cultural heritage of historic cities and towns will also be transformed into a new path. The rapid urbanisation process quickly combines the cultural heritage of historic cities and towns with modern urban spaces, so that the significance of the cultural heritage of historic cities and towns is not limited to the realisation of the functioning of social life, economics and culture, and modern cities with cultural resources have much more significance.
The Suzhou Museum is a beautiful building. There are many people here who mark their achievement, and few young people want to understand the culture.
In 2018, the Suzhou government-certified 8 silk companies to place their ID cards on the silk. This means that in the future, tourists can purchase real, government-certified silk. These are all slow changes that can not be said to have been made overnight.
In 1986, the Suzhou Municipal Government decided to set up the Suzhou Opera Museum, located in the Quanjin Guild Hall. The Suzhou Opera Museum was opened to the public in October of the same year. On 18 May 2001, the Chinese Kunqu Opera, which originated in Suzhou, was recognised by UNESCO as the first batch of “Human Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage masterpieces.”
The correction began in 2012. At that time, the problems in Suzhou’s tourism industry were reflected in five aspects: 1, vicious price competition; 2, forced consumption; 3, inadequate contract performance; 4, poor service quality; 5, unscrupulous businessmen seeking business in tourist areas.
Suzhou was founded in 514 BC and had a history of over 2,500 years. It was once the capital of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn periods (770BC-476BC). A long history has given rise to a unique cultural landscape in Suzhou. There are 538 cultural relic protection units at different levels and types in the city, including 34 at the national level and 106 at the provincial level. Suzhou is well known as the Garden City.
In 1986, the Suzhou Government decided to set up the Suzhou Opera Museum, which was located in the Quanjin Guild Hall. The Suzhou Opera Museum was opened to the public in October of the same year. On 18 May 2001, the Chinese Kunqu Opera, which originated in Suzhou, was recognised by UNESCO as the first batch of “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.”
The cooperation with Singapore in 1992 can be said to be the fastest step in Suzhou’s urbanisation. A large area east of Jinji Lake was planned as a modern industrial park. Subsequently, Suzhou vigorously introduced foreign capital and rapidly developed its economy.
In the 1990s, Suzhou established a policy of “protecting the ancient city and building new districts” and successively built high-tech zones and industrial parks. These two districts vigorously introduced foreign trade, in particular the SIP, which cooperated with Singapore. These two new districts have created new industrial parks leading to the economic development of the ancient city in the surrounding areas.
An ancient city is a place for cultural tourism, and the local people live in Suzhou’s overall planning. In contrast, the new city assumes the functions of the city centre including trade, transportation and modern manufacturing.
Suzhou was the first Urban-Rural integration batch in 2008. Suzhou’s obtained obvious results after several years of practical exploration. It was the first time that “Building Suzhou urban-rural integration demonstration area” was proposed in the government’s “Yangtze River Delta Region Regional Planning” published.
Suzhou has seized the opportunity of transferring international industrial capital to the Yangtze River Delta region since 2001 and has actively implemented the investment attraction strategy. Then it reached its peak in 2012, with the actual use of US$ 9.16 billion of foreign capital. These capitals flowed mainly to the Suzhou manufacturing sector.
In recent years, labour cost rates which have risen rapidly have even exceeded the rate of GDP growth. The rapid rise in wages in the manufacturing industry has led to rising labour costs. The low-cost benefits of these manufacturing industries have started to vanish. The processing factories, which are more sensitive to labour costs, are becoming harder to operate.
There are ten gates in the old town of Suzhou, but now only Pan Gate, Xu Gate and Jin Gate are left, and the others have been demolished. Due to the development of the city, the government has also built some roadways, but these roads have demolished several kilometres of streets and alleys in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In fact, she believes that this kind of thing is inevitable. People used horse-drawn carriages at that time, but now it is in the 21st century. The dismantling of these roads is understandable and reasonable.
In 2003, Suzhou held the 28th World Heritage Convention, the main venue being the Suzhou Urban Planning Hall Master Planning Hall. Because of this, the signs of the garden attractions on the main streets at that time were accompanied by Chinese and English names. The street lights on the main roads have also been converted into antique-style palace lanterns, and the bus stations have been converted into antique pavilions. Telephone booths and railings are also built-in antique style to give the world a better impression.
The most famous drama in the Kunqu Opera, the Peony Pavilion, requires a total of 55 performances for the entire performance, which means that it takes about 27 hours to perform non-stop. However, in 2004, the famous writer Xianyong Bai adopted the youth version of the “Peony Pavilion” and began to tour the world at that time, cutting the original 55 performances to 29 times.
She feels that watching Kunqu Opera on TV or a computer is a bit strange, and some atmosphere cannot be presented on the screen.
Due to the impact of the coronavirus, there were no shows in the first half of 2020. The performance started in June. Tickets were sold immediately at the beginning. Because everyone has not been exposed to art for six months and theatres are relatively small, tickets will soon be sold out.
Beijing Opera is the most popular form of traditional opera for children born after 2000, but rarely seen in theatres. The parents who took their children to theatres were almost educated parents. Kunqu opera is again a more elegant genre of traditional operas. There are many hints in the opera of Kunqu. If you are not knowledgeable and talented, you can not understand it without subtitles.
It is normal for university students not to understand or even know anything about Kunqu Opera. They do not know why actors have to sing a line for so long; why melodies jump; why they walk in that posture, which leads to a culture gap.
She thinks the most important factor affecting their enthusiasm is that no new scripts do exist. Now many of the performances are original scripts, sung over 600 years ago, so it is hard to get the audience interested again.
Also, the government focused on training in this area in 2018. At that time, the project “Kunqu Opera Screenwriting Talent Training” was a National Art Fund. The organiser selected 30 students; for this project, these students were given the study materials and lodging fees provided by the National Art Fund. But, two years later, she heard no results.
However, the volunteer work of the Suzhou Museum is quite strict in terms of personnel screening and rules and regulations. Zhoumin (2019), who came to the Suzhou Museum as a volunteer in 2015, explained that staff began requiring volunteers to be on the App in 2016. At the end of the year of the assessment, an old volunteer who had served for many years had been dismissed by the Voluntary Agency because he had forgotten to check-in online, resulting in substandard service times.
Guide Guo (2020) said that many local volunteers would be involved in the management of traditional gardens and museums. Most of these volunteers are college students in Suzhou, and some older adults have retired and have nothing to do with them. The goal of college students as volunteers is almost to increase their social experience. Locals rarely come to volunteer; they are busy with work and have no time to serve tourists.